Pandemic Pedagogy: Digital Tools, Technologies for K-12 & Higher Education

Pandemic Pedagogy: Digital Tools, Technologies for K-12 & Higher Education

By

Dr R.S.S Nehru

Assistant Professor, Department of Education,

Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim

E-mail: dr.rssnehru@gmail.com

Mobile : +91 -94405 -94179

Abstract

Covid-19 has caused uncommon interruptions for understudies. The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) has evaluated that around 1.3 billion students won’t have the option to go to class or college, and the numbers are continually developing. India’s exacting lockdown measures have prompted a total conclusion of academic exercises with trends and challenges. The shutdown was unexpected and sudden in a few perspectives, however numerous advanced education establishments (HEIs) have attempted to limit the covid-incited interruptions to encourage scholarly exercises without bargaining the security of understudies. The pandemic test has  K-12, and HEIs have gotten increasingly responsive and proactive inside the constrained assets available to them.

The covid interruption has realized a few additions. The K-12 and HEIs are currently more ready to coordinate data and correspondence innovation arrangements with their instructional method. They are presently happy with utilizing web-based showing instruments and learning the board frameworks and can save their talks for future references. It has opened up an immense open door for specialists from different strolls of public life—industry, traditional society, and government—to virtually connect with understudies, share their encounters, and reinforce academic substance. The pandemic instructional method offers different tools and technologies that space and can be another typical for instructive foundations the nation over.

Keywords: Pandemic Pedagogy, Digital Technologies, K-12, Higher Education

Introduction

Innovation has introduced many changes in instructing techniques and alternate learning. Tech slants in training will proceed with full-steam with the advancement of as good as ever instructive advances and devices. This model offers an inside and out gander at forefront learning devices and patterns, virtual learning conditions, and the most recent informative innovation that is empowering new models of associated learning. Get familiar with the general mechanical changes that are changing Indian instructive frameworks.

“Pandemic Pedagogy” substitutes and instructors are encountering during COVID-19 isn’t run of the mill online guidance. It’s crisis remote instructing and learning. In only a couple of short weeks, the COVID-19 Pandemic has changed the country’s schools and colleges from physical focuses of understudies’ lives to apparition towns with getting to constrained distinctly to fundamental workers. In any case, while we’ve just barely made this emotional rotate to web-based learning, it will inevitably intensify issues of instructive access, value, and openness.

It hasn’t taken long for bunch understudies, instructors, and teachers the same to begin posting remarks about the amount they dislike web-based learning. While most schools and colleges had since a long time ago had some virtual training bolsters set up, the present circumstance is extraordinary, and not many establishments arranged for it. Most schools foresaw just giving on the web guidance to a predetermined number of understudies or during momentary school terminations to the degree that they had plans for remote advice set up by any stretch of the imagination. Most have not set up for quite a long time or long stretches of interruption for the whole network. There will be specialized issues and access issues. Understudies will on an inappropriate side of the computerized separation, and administrations won’t convey evenhandedly. Things won’t go smoothly for everybody, and these won’t appear to be ordinary education and learning conditions for anybody.

Information Communication Technology in Teaching

In the 2020 impact of Pandemic around in India, many teachers consistently incorporate innovation with the instructional conveyance. Change is inescapable in the presently associated homerooms from intuitively keen announcement sheets or virtual and increased reality headsets to the work area and scratchpad PCs. Here’s a gander at probably the most recent patterns in instructive innovation, just as the advantages and downsides of each for instructors and understudies.

1. Paperless Learning Environments: Models include Google Drive,Edmodoand Showbie.

• Advantages:Paperless study halls spare educators time just as cash by cutting paper and printing costs. Since schoolwork is conveyed carefully from a cloud-based framework, instructors can utilize a scope of measurements to follow understudy progress. Understudies can sign in and get to homework whenever, and they can carefully work together with different understudies.
• Limitations:Understudies need consistent, dependable web network, just as a gadget, for example, a PC or tablet, to get to assignments. More established instructors utilized tests, and a long time may scoff at execution of paperless computerized frameworks.

2. Plagiarism Detection Tools: Numerous instruments out there to forestall literary theft. One of the most generally utilized is Turnitin, which propelled in 1997. Turnitin’s literary theft highlight looks at understudy work to other understudy works, just as to academic diaries, distributions and periodicals to distinguish counterfeiting.

Advantages: Encourages advancement of unique substance in understudies, and since it is Internet-based, there are no paper costs. Likewise permits educators to give criticism, and accompanies numerous extra apparatuses to assist understudies with composing better and with more certainty.

3. Screencasting: Screencasts are accounts of activities on a PC screen with voice portrayal. Can be particularly helpful when associated PC integrated with a study hall projector. Models include Adobe Captivate, Camtasia Studio and Screen flow.

• Advantages: Permits teachers to record exercises, bit by bit instructional exercises, or replies to regularly posed inquiries. Recorded video can transfer to an assortment of advanced stages, and most understudies are amazingly acquainted with utilization of video content through steps, for example, YouTube.
• Limitations: Innovation can be costly, and it sets aside a great deal of effort to record and alter answers and account contents.

4. Screen Sharing: Screen sharing permits a PC client to reflect their screen to the screens of gadgets in remote areas. Models include TeamViewer, Skype, ezTalks Meetings, Google meet, Microsoft teams and join.me.

• Advantage: Advances expanded joint effort and shared thoughts among teachers, and understudies extend understudy commitment.
• Limitation: Restrains up close and personal connection. Network or data transfer capacity issues can hinder screen time.

5. Developmental and Summative Assessment Tools: There is a wide range of paid and free applications and sites in this space. Models include Socrativeand Formative. Developmental evaluation during the learning procedure, while summative appraisal happens toward the finish of the learning procedure – giving input after a test, for instance.

• Advantage: Since developmental appraisal occurs progressively, educators can alter instructional and conveyance techniques to build understudy understanding. Developmental evaluation additionally is incredibly convenient and can prompt higher understudy accomplishment.
• Limitation: Time – understudies will most likely be unable to in every case totally and precisely tissue out their interests or issues in an exercise or test.

6. Webex, Web Conferencing: Web conferencing administrations, for example, Cisco’s WebEx for Education, permit instructors to have life communicates for crowds in dispersed or remote areas. It’s optimal for teachers whose understudies live a long way from grounds – like those in Montana, or the distant ranges of the Navajo Nation in northeastern Arizona.

• Advantage: Instructors can arrive at a lot more significant number of understudies Upgrades instructive conveyance choices with decreased expenses.
• Limitation: Understudies need fast web get to and useful gadgets.

7. Cooperative Tools/Remote Brainstorming in Real Time: Mural is one of the most generally utilized devices for online cooperation. It’s an online visual workspace understudy can use to conceptualize answers for issues. Choices include Slack and RealtimeBoard.

• Advantage: Understudies cooperate progressively on ventures either in class or at remote areas. Energizes singular commitments and shared thoughts for arrangements or ideas for group ventures.
• Limitations: Cost and access to cloud-based programming.

8. Web-based Tutoring: From K-12 through school, web-based mentoring administrations can assist understudies with increasing essential authority over troublesome coursework and subjects. Models include Chegg Tutors, TutorMeand MindLaunch.

• Advantage: Guides regularly are certified educators. Understudies can demand coaching administrations on interest for short or longer mentoring meetings. Guides give live one-on-one assistance.
• Limitations: Understudies can utilize these administrations to just take care of troublesome issues without really learning the material. They likewise, can be very costly.

9. Virtual Learning Environments and Learning/Course Management Systems: K-12 schools and universities utilize an assortment of learning and course the executive’s frameworks to convey online substance. These frameworks are turning into a vital piece of the enlightening experience as universities and schools join more separation training educational program and degree programs into their 21st instructive contributions.

There’s cover between the expressions “learning the board framework” and “course the board framework.”

• An LMS is a whole foundation used to oversee and convey course content, just as track understudy progress and other vital measurements.
• A CMS is utilized by teachers to put courses and materials online for access by separation students.
• Learning the board framework is the whole bundle, while the CMS is the set-up of instruments teachers use to grow course contributions on the web. This incorporate class works out, tests and tests, and specialized devices, for example, notice loads up and ongoing visit.

Notwithstanding the minor qualifications, the terms usually are exchangeable. All LMS and CMS fall under the umbrella of practical learning situations. Here’s a more critical glance at probably the most generally utilized VLEs executed in K-12 study halls, just as schools and colleges:

• Moodle: Intended to help the two teachers and understudies, Moodle gives an across the board learning stage that can get to whenever anyplace on any gadget because of its excellent portable interface and cross-program similarity. Moodle is free, open-source programming that has more than 90 million worldwide clients. The product has converted into an excess of 120 dialects. Moodle generally utilized on account of its minimal effort of usage contrasted with expense based LMS administrations.

• Writing Board: Off-the-rack instructive electronic server programming that permits teachers to make virtual study halls, oversee courses on the web, or supplement nearby course contributions with online materials. Frequently used to conveyance online course material too. Educators can make learning modules of various exercises for understudies total to progress in the class.

• Canvas: Cloud-based Canvas utilized by more than 3,000 colleges and school regions around the globe. Like Moodle, Canvas is an open-source stage. It’s facilitated on Amazon Web Services and permits understudies and educators to get to assets from a wide range of sources. It’s perfect with cell phones, tablets and internet browsers.

• D2L: In the past known as Desire2Learn, D2L is another cloud-based LMS that permits educators to include courses, substance and materials for on the web and mixed classes. Notwithstanding putting away and overseeing class content, instructors can follow understudy achievement and rapidly distinguish in danger understudies. Takes into account simple cooperation of gathering work with shared records, video visit and different highlights.

• Google Classroom: Google Classroom is developing in fame primarily because it’s free for schools, non-benefits and Google clients. The web administration permits instructors to set up an online class where they can share assignments, declarations, speak with understudies and sort out class materials into organizers on Google Drive. It’s bolstered by all significant internet browsers, just as Android and iOS.

How Learning Management Systems Work

These frameworks enable establishments to offer coursework and online degree projects to understudies paying little heed to the area and the gadgets used to get to the LMS. They additionally are adjustable – teachers can include any number of required readings, video addresses, tests, tests, mid-terms and end of the year tests, and track understudy progress through every task or test. The capacity to redo instructive substance is the thing that makes a school or college’s LMS a good informative condition as opposed to just an online store for class materials.

Basics, for example, reviewing, getting and turning in assignments are like conventional classes. At the point when instructors make courses, they set up an evaluating plan, for example, the ordinarily utilized letter reviewing the size of A-F. Understudies can see single task evaluating scores when they sign into their classes, just as view grades for a week after week tests, assignments, significant undertakings and their general class grade.

Edu Tech Applications/Apps

The training was the third-most well-known classification in Apple’s App Store in January of 2018, representing 8.5 per cent of all applications accessible for download. Instructive innovation applications utilized to encourage better learning in math, science and perusing, just as track citizenship and other vital understudy measurements in grades K-12.

Even though “instructive” incorporates a wide range of applications, we’ve assembled a rundown of probably the most popular and broadly utilized EdTech applications for K-12 and school homerooms, alongside the application’s essential zone of centre and stages after that they are accessible.

K-12 Applications/Apps

Kohoot : Any subject, Android/iOS., well known game-based learning application. Understudies play in gatherings and answer inquiries on their gadgets. Advances social learning and draws in understudies in bunch conversations.

NOVA Elements: Science, Physics, iOS. Made by PBS for NOVA, the well known prime time science program, NOVA Elements assists clients with increasing a more profound comprehension of the table of occasional components and mess around with NOVA have David Pogues.

My Home Work: Understudy arranging, Android, iOS, Kindle, Web program. Assists understudies with improving their hierarchical aptitudes and become progressively effective students. Tracks assignments, papers and test due dates so understudies can remain in front of cutoff times.

Mathway: Math, science, Android, iOS, Web program. From original logarithmic conditions to limited math, measurements and sophisticated analytics, Mathway assists understudies’ with taking care of numerical issues with bit by bit arrangements.

ABCmouse for Schools Early Learning Academy: Perusing, math, science, Android, iOS, Web Browser. Well known learning application and site for youth ages 2-8 (pre-K through Grade 2), furnishes an exhaustive early learning educational plan with more than 9,000 learning exercises.

Monkey in the Middle: Jargon, Science, Math, iOS. Understudies go up against one another in games that utilization Common Core Standards. They intended for understudies in grades 6-8.

I-Touch Middle School:  English, Math, Android, iOS, Contains more than 10,000 activities and exercises for understudies in grades 6-8 who need extra assistance, creating aptitudes in science and language expressions.

Raz Kids: Perusing, Android, iOS, Web program, Gives guided perusing digital books downloadable books and tests at 29 degrees of trouble. Computerized the executive’s devices track understudy commitment and progress.

Ready4 Sat: Study direct, Android, iOS, Web program. SAT prep direct for portable stages that give reproduced tests and tests to assist understudies with accomplishing their best score on test day.

Class Dojo: Availability, Android/iOS/Amazon/Web program. Mainstream correspondence application that interfaces guardians with educators. Numerous teachers utilize the application to grant focuses on understudies for ethical conduct, helping other people, and remaining focused.

College and Higher Education Applications /Apps

Photomath: this application for Snap a photo of it utilizing Photomath, and the use furnishes an answer with bit by bit guidelines. From exponentiation and roots to trigonometry, Photomath can help understudies figure out how to comprehend complex numerical conditions.

Study Blue: Any subject, iOS/Web program. The world’s biggest publicly supported investigation library of study aids, notes and blaze cards has over 15 million school and secondary school understudy, clients.

Evernote: Efficiency, Android, iOS, Web program. While Evernote doesn’t fall inside the domain of an instructive application, it’s truly outstanding and most mainstream note-taking devices available. Prevailing in class frequently relies upon taking point by point study notes. Understudies can utilize Evernote for class talks, labs and gathering ventures, and compose their letters into isolated organizers for each class.

Duolingo: Language, Android, iOS, Web browser. The free app and web site can help students pass their foreign language requirement. Learn Spanish, French, German, Italian and even High Valyrian, the language of nobility and the elite from Game of Thrones.

EasyBib: Composing, Android, iOS, Web program. Remove the trouble from composing references for school level papers with this reference, note-taking and research stage.

Online Resources and MOOCs 

The number of understudies joined up with separation training programs keeps on rising. As indicated by a survey by Babson Survey Research Group, In the fall of 2016, more than 3 million understudies were taking on the web just courses, which is shy of 15 per cent of the countries more than 20 million undergrads.

The ascent of separation instruction has prompted a multiplication of Massively Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and other online assets, such as Open Educational Resources and Open Courseware. MOOCs are demonstrated like customary school classes with assignments, tests, and cutoff times, while the other two offer assets, for example, course books and class materials that help understudies who are freely learning topics.

Different online resources and Mooc’s

1. Alison: Offers over 1,000 free online courses in data innovation, language, wellbeing, math, humanities, gifted exchanges and a lot more regions. Alison has served more than 11 million online students.
2. Junior college Consortium for Open Educational Resources: This consortium of network and specialized universities offers open instructive assets and OER degree programs that have zero course reading costs since all materials conveyed on the web.
3. Coursera: Offers online classes from driving instructive organizations all through the world, for example, Columbia University, University of California, Johns Hopkins University and some more. Coursera additionally offers online degrees in business and PC and information science from select college accomplices.
4. edX: Established by Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2012, edX is an internet learning archive and supplier of Massively Open Online Courses from more than 90 of the world’s driving colleges.
5. Harvard Online Learning: From talks to web recordings, Harvard Online offers both free and charge based substance for separation students instructed by Harvard educators. Open online courses incorporate unique variable based math, Greek history, verse, digital innovation, software engineering and some more.
6. Khan Academy: Offers free practice exercises, instructional recordings in math, science, PCs, history, craftsmanship and more for students in grades K-12 and school. Likewise offers test prep guidance for grown-up students getting ready for the MCAT, NCLEX-RN or GMAT tests.
7. Open Course Library: A library of sharable assets, for example, course exercises and materials, schedules, readings and evaluations made by the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Education.
8. Udacity: Offers free online courses in points, for example, information science, information investigation, AI, computerized reasoning, programming building, augmented reality, Google AdWords and related specialized subjects to understudies all through the globe.
9. MoocLab: Website that totals Massively Open Online Courses, MOOC testaments, MOOC credit projects, and MOOC advanced education programs.
10. Code Academy: Offers free PC programming in Java, SQL, Python, HTML/CSS, just as specialized abilities advancement courses in website architecture, HTML, responsive structure and the sky is the limit from there.

Trends and difficulties

Online K-12 training is turning into an overall marvel and is denoting a worldwide propensity in instruction. The accompanying patterns and difficulties have been recognized dependent on the studied materials. Most of the designs and complications recorded beneath are adjusted renditions from and, reached out with applicable realities

Trends: The ascent of online training is relied upon to proceed and will assume a significant job in how the observation about e-Learning is changing in the public arena. The accompanying patterns have recognized as critical drivers in K-12 training.

• Blended learning: there is enormous development potential for web-based learning in mixed learning openings. Numerous schools and locale are picking mixed learning as a venturing stone to pick up understanding before moving to a fully online program.
• Competency-based learning: teachers and approach producers perceive authority as more significant than “seat time”. Innovation, and specially mixed and internet learning, is giving way to understudies to get individualized guidance and is enabling understudies to learn at their own pace.
• Continuity of e-Learning: on the web and blended learning are answers for guaranteeing that knowledge keeps during a school conclusion. Web-based learning and progression of education is something beyond giving educational program in an online configuration. It includes the arranging, preparing, and the board of conveyance of guidance over another innovatively empowered conveyance model.
• Mobile learning: versatile learning is stretching out the study hall to whenever and anyplace. Netbooks, cell phones, availability and programming, are driving flexible learning forward.
• Instructional substance: the substance is a crucial fixing to an active online program. Monetary components, combined with the requirement for compactness of learning, are main thrusts for disaggregation and receptiveness of the instructional substance, particularly as it identifies with on the web and mixed learning programs.
• Monitoring the understudy’s advancement: the expanding pressure on schools and areas to give and break down the understudy’s and educator’s exhibition is driving the turn of events and appropriation of Learning Management Systems. The LMS are transforming into comprehensive entrances that convey learning, yet in addition coordinate different frameworks urgent to understudies’ advancement.
• Cloud registering: distributed computing gives access to a wide scope of instructive materials without instructors/understudies really being nearby. They can get to any assets they need from anyplace by an Internet association. It likewise requires less gear for the two understudies and schools.
• Higher advancement in created nations: mixed and online decisions are generally accessible to understudies in urban regions from created nations.

Mixed learning is happening significantly more much of the time than web based learning.

Internet learning is progressively common for understudies with uncommon requirements or conditions (to such an extent that keep them from going to the customary homeroom).

Proficient turn of events: particular instructor preparing isn’t required yet is empowered and accessible.  Instructive internet based life: online networking is getting instructive and the instructive informal organizations are getting well known inside the instructive framework.

The most significant and regularly scarcest asset in instruction is acceptable educators. In this unique situation, the key inquiry that should be tended to is: What supports are required to reclassify educator’s training for setting up every single new instructor for web based educating and virtual learning proficient open doors.

Challenges : Among the most huge difficulties and hindrances are

• Limited information about internet learning and thus constrained premium in it.
• Limited monetary assets in numerous nations that don’t permit putting resources into the innovation framework, content turn of events and instructor preparing required for actualizing web based learning.
• Absence of administrative vision and authority to create approaches for executing and giving internet learning.
• Absence of administrative financing and support of ventures for actualizing web based learning programs.
• Requirement for instructor’s preparation and expert improvement in online training
• Absence of impartial access to Internet devices or assets to make web based learning conceivable in numerous territories.

Conclusion

Web-based learning is one of the quickest developing patterns in instructive employments of innovation. A restricted measure of research exists that tends to the momentum practices of internet learning and virtual schools in the K-12, college and University setting. The more significant part of the distributions examining different instructive methodologies, norms, and best practices depends on online post-auxiliary or eye-to-eye education. Innovation without anyone else can’t improve learning. Yet, when used in internet learning in blend with guidance that tends to the psychological and social procedures of information development, it could offer more different and compelling learning openings than their eye to eye partners. In this audit, we have endeavored to summarize various varieties in K-12, college and University on the web and mixed learning in different territorial, national, and social settings. It might leave a feeling that the training in the domain of K-12, college and University web-based learning tends to specific necessities and along these lines exact difficulties and prerequisites.

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