most persons are surprised to learn that arousal comes before desire
Usually, most persons are surprised to learn that arousal comes before desire. A majority of persons think that they need to have a desire before arousal. Sexual arousal starts in the brain, and it’s a reaction to a thought or an image mostly because of having a feeling of affection towards another individual or from feeling the touch of other persons. The feeling or touch sends signals to the rest of the body and in particular genitals. For men, the result of arousal in erection and for women is the swelling of nipples, vaginal lubrication and vulva, and clitoris. However, the genital response is not always an indication or arousal. Sexual desire is an interest or urges to engage in social activities. Sexual context is the circumstances that form the settings or events. They can either provoke sexual desire or not. An example is that a man who sees a woman having sex reacts differently when he sees another woman giving birth. While giving birth is a non-sexual context, having sex is a sexual context. Philosophers care that it desire that comes first since they believe that it needs to be spontaneous, and when someone does not have the desire, they feel helpless to do anything about it. People can create sexual context, but they are incapable of creating sexual desire.
Hershfield, J. (2019). Irreplaceability and the intentionality of sexual arousal. European Journal of Philosophy, 27(2), 337-346.
The journal states that those philosophers who document about sexual arousal have two minds. The first approach is when these philosophers liken sexual arousal to an appetite that intends to have a particular type of gratification. The second approach is not a process but rather an attempt through the procedure o embodiment to unite with a transcendental self. The first approach focuses on the fungibility of the object of sexual desire, which is the body and some of its parts. The second approach views arousal as a burden that has impossible satisfaction conditions founded on an excessive metaphysics of oneself. The writer of the paper is for the idea that there is a cooperative element in arousal and assimilates its context to that of other social activities. According to the writer, it is this approach that preserves the central place of oneself when it comes to the intentionality of arousal in a manner that is metaphysical compassionate and ultimately avoids treats sex as a sui generis type of human interaction.
Weiss, R. V., Hohl, A., Athayde, A., Pardini, D., Gomes, L., Oliveira, M. D., … & Spritzer, P. M. (2019). Testosterone therapy for women with low sexual desire: a position statement from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 63(3), 190-198.
The journal looks at how women with low sexual desire are treated. Low sexual desire has been an issue among both men and women, and some people find it challenging to address this issue because they fear that they will either not be understood or be bullied. The research was done by the Female Endocrinology and Andrology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism among Brazilian women. The study invited nine experts to help attain the best results. These experts were tasked with reviewing the physiology of testosterone secretion and the use, side effects, and misuse of exogenous testosterone therapy in women. The experts were supposed to review available literature and look for guidelines and statements from organizations. The result of the research was that low sexual desire was a common complaint in women, and doctors said they mainly got this complaint from women who already have each menopause or women whose change in the quality of life has impacted them negatively. The treatment using the testosterone approach mostly produces a positive result when it comes to enhancing the sexual desire in women who have sexual dysfunction. However, the positive effect doesn’t mean that the issues of women who have low sexual desire have been conclusively addressed. The unavailability of long-term safety data and insufficient data to make broad recommendations is challenging for advancements made by testosterone therapy. Likewise, there is no standard testosterone therapy in our societies approved by regulatory agencies for women. On the other hand, the testosterone therapy that has been approved for men who have a low sexual desire is not recommended for use by women. In summary, testosterone therapy is the last option for women who have low sexual desire when all other strategies have failed. Without a definitive agreement about the existing risks and benefits, the therapist should let the patient know the risks and benefits that numerous researches have established. The patient needs to consciously choose this method, knowing fully well that there is no agreed-upon procedure of treatment using the technique.
Lorenz, T. K. (2019). Interactions Between Inflammation and Female Sexual Desire and Arousal Function. Current Sexual Health Reports, 11(4), 287-299.
The paper describes the present state of research on interactions between inflammation and the female sexual function. Without a doubt, inflammation can negatively interfere with female sexual desire, either directly or indirectly. Directly is through neural and indirectly through social or behavioral factors, endocrine pathways, and the vascular pathway. Furthermore, there exist significant sex differences because of inflammation on sexual function, and this is a result of various evolutionary selection procedures on the regulation of reproduction. Numerous inflammation-related conditions are linked with the danger of female sexual dysfunction comprising cardiovascular disease, chronic pain, and metabolic syndrome.
There are various clinical implicates of abnormal female sexual desire and arousal. They include the need for routine evaluation for sexual dysfunction in patients with inflammation-related conditions, the possibility for anti-inflammatory diets to enhance sexual desire and arousal function, and a look into the role of chronic inflammation as a moderator of sexual effects of hormonal treatments. Without a doubt, the evidence makes it clear that inflammation has a role in the development and maintenance of female sexual dysfunction. However, the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear and more research must be done to determine the kind of relationship that exists. It is essential to know the connection since it will help treat patients with sexual desire and arousal issues. It also helps to determine if it is only inflammation that leads to sexual dysfunction or if there exist various other factors that contribute to sexual dysfunction.
Klifto, K., & Dellon, A. L. (2020). Persistent genital arousal disorder: Treatment by neurolysis of dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve. Microsurgery, 40(2), 160-166.
The article looks at a disorder known as persistent genital arousal disorder or PGAD, which results from ineffective arousal and desire. The condition is because a woman believes that she is in a state of sexual arousal without the capability of the arousal being satisfied by an orgasm. The research has a hypothesis, which is that the PGAD condition results from a minimal amount of nerve compression of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve. Therefore, if the hypothesis is correct, PGAD can treat by the neurolysis of the dorsal subdivision of the pudendal nerve. The research method was to create a retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2018, and the chart comprised women who have neurolysis of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve for PGAD. The primary outcome measures were pre-operative and post-operative alterations in arousal, desire, numbness, or pain.
In the research conducted by the journal, eight women were evaluated for more than 26 weeks since their surgery. Seven of the eight women had surgery bilaterally, and every one of them had outstanding results. It means that there was the eradication of the arousal symptoms and the capability to resume regular sexual intercourse. She had complete enhancement in her arousal symptoms for the patient with unilateral decompression of the dorsal nerve of the pudendal nerve. Also, for the seven women that were having pain, six of them had total relief, while only one had partial relief. Finally, there were no key surgical complications. In summary, the PGAD condition shows that a lot of women suffer from conditions related to sexual arousal and desire than men. This is why several studies seek to determine why men don’t suffer from these conditions as much.
Hogue, J. V., Rosen, N. O., Bockaj, A., Impett, E. A., & Muise, A. (2019). Sexual communal motivation in couples coping with low sexual interest/arousal: Associations with sexual well-being and sexual goals. PloS one, 14(7).
Across the world, women who have female sexual interest or arousal disorder usually have lower sexual and relationship satisfaction. Research done among communities determined that the motivation to meet the sexual needs of a partner is linked with strong sexual desire and satisfaction. However, the prioritization of the needs of a partner and overlooking one need is linked with decreased sexual satisfaction. Persons who have other goals regarding sex, such as the objectives to augment intimacy in a relationship or avoid conflict with a partner or avoid disappointing a partner, usually report that they have strong sexual desire. The research was done using a sample of 97 women who had been diagnosed with arousal disorder. Their partners were also investigated, and the study aimed to determine the factors that have led to sexual satisfaction, sexual desire, and sexual distress, and finally, sexual approach and avoidance objectives. For women who had a greater desire for se, their partners reported greater satisfaction. But partners who had a stronger sexual desire and had no cooperation from their women experienced sexual distress. Therefore, the motivation to meet the sexual needs of a partner is associated with stronger sexual desire in couples coping with arousal disorder. However, partners need to be careful and not neglect their own needs since the neglect of each other’s needs and personal needs leads to sexual distress.
In conclusion, sexual desire and satisfaction are because of two partners and not just one partner. Therefore, there is a need for partners who have sexual goals and make sure that their sexual motivation is the same. Two partners need to work together towards their sexual well-being to avoid any sexual distress. The strength of the research used in the journal is that it looks at how couples can cope with arousal disorder using their sexual goals and sexual well-being. It also factors in the perspective of both partners. However, there is little information about arousal disorders among couples, and more needs to be done. Researchers have shied away from sexual desire and arousal, making it challenging for couples to seek help because they have issues about their sexual desire or arousal.