You will write the research paper to investigate a current environmental health outcomes associated with exposure to certain toxic substances.

You will write the research paper to investigate a current environmental health outcomes associated with exposure to certain toxic substances.

Substantive Reviews provide an overview, integration of information, and critical analysis of a particular field of research related to environmental health sciences. Previous research should be comprehensively reviewed regardless of whether the findings are consistent with expectations or the review authors’ hypotheses. It is appropriate for authors to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of individual studies, focus on high-quality studies that add to the weight of the evidence on the topic under review, identify information gaps, and make recommendations for future research. Lengthy historical perspectives generally are not appropriate.

Please use the template (Highly Recommended!!)

1. REQUIREMENTS
2. Word length should be more than 2,000 words and less than 2,500 words. Word length requirement excludes title and references (From Introduction to Conclusion).
3. File format: Microsoft Office Word Document ONLY
4. Document format: Use template provided (font size at 12, single line spacing are preferred.)
5. Name of file should follow the rule: “PH161.CourseID.YourLastName.FirstName”
6. Section format & Style (Similar to Environmental Health and Perspectives, EHP)

http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/instructions-to-authors/#style

(Links to an external site.)

1. Title
2. Introduction (300-350 words; comprising the Background from reference research, and Objective of your research)
3. Methods & Materials (200-250 words: summarize methods from reference research)
4. Results & Discussion (1,400-1750 words: Include research results and interpretations of data)
5. Conclusions (100-150 words)
6. References (References should be cited appropriately in context. Only peer reviewed journal articles will be counted as references.

EHP Style

Plain Language

EHP covers all disciplines engaged in the broad field of environmental health sciences. Therefore, authors should write in a clear and simple manner, in the active voice, and avoid unnecessary jargon, so the article is understandable to readers in other disciplines and to those whose first language is not English. In deference to the breadth of the journal’s readership, please define terms that may not be universally recognized among all environmental health scientists.

Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, confounders, and covariates, and describe the methods or assays used to characterize study data. Results should be presented in a clear and unambiguous manner. Comparison groups or reference conditions should be clearly indicated when reporting measures of association or effect and when reporting p-values for statistical tests comparing outcomes or effects between groups.

We recommend against the use of “-fold” terminology because it can be difficult to determine whether it is being used to describe relative versus absolute differences or changes between groups or conditions.

Whenever possible, provide an estimate of variability or precision when reporting measures of association or central tendency (e.g., confidence intervals, standard deviations, interquartile ranges), regardless of whether p-values are also reported for these estimates.

Abbreviations

All abbreviations, including abbreviations for elements (e.g., Fe, Cu) and chemical compounds [e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), carbon dioxide (CO2)], should be defined in the text on first use with abbreviations used thereafter.

Units of measure should be abbreviated only when a specific amount is given (e.g., “concentration of 10 ng/mL” versus “units of nanograms per milliliter”).

In-Text Citations and Reference Lists

References and citations must be formatted according to EHP style as described below. This will reduce copyediting time and the number of author queries included in page proofs. Authors should double-check all references for accuracy and completeness of information, spelling, diacritical marks, symbols, subscripts/superscripts, and italics. Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of their references.

In-Text Citations

All in-text citations must be in name/date form. Place the citation immediately after the textual information cited, placing name and date within parentheses without a comma. EndNote is a useful source for EHP reference style; the current EHP reference style for EndNote can be downloaded from http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp

(Links to an external site.)

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• Single author: (Wing 2002)
• Two authors: (Wing and Wolf 2000)
• Three or more authors: Use first author’s last name plus “et al.” (Wing et al. 2008)
• Multiple sources cited at one time: List publications alphabetically by author in the citation. Separate publications by the same author(s) with commas and those by different authors with semicolons: (Aldridge et al. 2005; Jameson et al. 2006; Levin et al. 2007; Slotkin 2004a, 2004b; Slotkin et al. 2008)
• Multiple sources cited at one time with different first authors but same last name and date: Use first author’s last name plus initial(s) (Smith A 2000; Smith J 2000).

Provide references for any quotations used in the text. For example:

According to Rubin et al. (2001), “it is only with a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach that the environmental and public health significance of Pfiesteria will be fully understood.”

All manuscripts submitted but not yet accepted, unpublished data, and personal communications—any items that must be cited but are not accessible to the public—must appear in the text in parentheses but should not be listed in the references: (Ramsdell JS, Moeller PDR, personal communication); (Reeves MK, unpublished data).

Reference List

Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of their references. The list of references should begin on a new page after the Conclusions of the manuscript. All references must include:

• Author/editor last name plus initials (for six or fewer authors; if there are more than six authors, use “et al.” after the sixth) or authoring agency
• Year of publication
• Full title of article or chapter (lower case)
• Title of journal [abbreviated according to BIOSIS, Index Medicus, or PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals
• (Links to an external site.)
• ) or book/proceedings in title case
• For books and meeting reports, city/state/country of publication and name of publisher
• Volume and inclusive page numbers
• DOI number, if available, with online publication date; this information is required for articles published online only.

If you are uncertain what to include, please include all information.

List references alphabetically by the last name of the first author. If the first author has more than one publication, list references in alphabetical order (letter by letter) of subsequent authors. If the first author shares the last name with another first author (Smith JM vs. Smith RB), alphabetize by initials. If you list more than one publication by the same author/group of authors, arrange publications by date, early to late. If you list more than one publication published in the same year by the same author/group of authors, use a, b, c, and so on to distinguish the publications.

Sample alphabetical list

Slotkin TA. 2004a. Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants: nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 198:132–151.

Slotkin TA. 2004b. Guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity and their impact on organophosphate pesticides: a personal view from an academic perspective. Neurotoxicology 25:631–640.

Slotkin TA. 2005. Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates: a case study of chlorpyrifos. In: Toxicity of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides (Gupta RC, ed). San Diego:Elsevier Academic Press, 293–314.

Slotkin TA, MacKillop EA, Ryde IT, Tate CA, Seidler FJ. 2007. Screening for developmental neurotoxicity using PC12 cells: comparisons of organophosphates with a carbamate, an organochlorine and divalent nickel. Environ Health Perspect 115:93–101.

Slotkin TA, Persons D, Slepetis RJ, Taylor D, Bartolome J. 1984. Control of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in developing brain, kidney, and heart of the neonatal rat: effects of a difluoromethylornithine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Teratology 30:211–224.

Slotkin TA, Seidler FJ. 2007. Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo: transcriptional responses of pathways for brain cell development, cell signaling, cytotoxicity and neurotransmitter systems. Brain Res Bull 72:232–274.