Respiratory system
The body of human beings comprises of many-body systems which carry out different specified activities to make the body function normally. Examples of the body systems include the circulatory system, endocrine system, and the respiratory system (Lumb, A. B. (2016). The respiratory system is an amalgamation of organs that ensure the body is capable of taking the needed oxygen quantities and expel carbon dioxide. This process ensures the correct functioning of the metabolic processes in the body. Additionally, carbon dioxide is eliminated as a waste product of metabolism (Patwa, & Shah, 2015). The lung is one of the central organs that ensures that the respiratory system functions effectively. The respiratory system is connected to other systems like the nervous system ad circulatory system to facilitate the effective exchange of gases in the body. The paper’s primary aim is to analyze the respiratory system, the physiology, and the health conditions linked to the respiratory system.
The psychology of the respiratory system
The process of respiration happens both internally and externally. External respiration happens during inhalation of oxygen through the nose and mouth, while carbon dioxide is expelled through the same routes (Patwa, & Shah, 2015). Conversely, internal respiration takes place in the alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. The blood expels carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen. Additionally, the respiratory system is also segmented into the lower and the upper system. The organs that make up the lower respiratory system include the trachea, larynx, bronchioles, bronchus, and the lungs. On the contrary, the upper respiratory system comprises the nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and the nose. The organs found in both the lower and the upper respiratory segments can either be respiratory sections that conduct the actual processes of gaseous exchange like the case of air sacs, the alveoli, and the bronchioles, as stated by Patwa, & Shah, (2015). Additionally, the organs also play a role in the filtration and warming the air before allowing it to the lungs. Other organs function as transmission organs, which enhance the movement of air from one section to another. These look like a pipe. The transmitting organs are the trachea, bronchi, and the pharynx.
The nose and the mouth are the organs that get in the air. The air moves to the larynx and trachea. The trachea is linked to the bronchi, bronchus then into the bronchioles (Patwa, & Shah, 2015). The air is transported to the lung cavity, where the exchange of gases happens in the alveoli. The respiratory system’s biggest organ is the lungs, and it is responsible for the most critical responsibilities.
Subjective Data during Diagnosis of Respiratory Condition
The cases that can be seen on the patient are the subjective data when diagnosing the issues entailing the respiratory system. These include the signs that the patient displays, any discharge, and any uncommon traits seen on the patient. Accordingly, the chest pains, problems when breathing, and incapability of the patient to engage in strenuous activities because of breathing problems are some of the subjective data. Moreover, the incidences of having fever, abnormal sweating during the night, and colds are other possible conditions that can be seen on patients. The patients may also display subjective signs that are consistently implying that the healthcare giver needs to do more tests to ascertain if the symptoms show a positive respiratory system health condition.
Objective Diagnostic Data
Upon receiving a patient displaying data suggesting the possibility of respiratory system infection disorder, the healthcare provider must conduct a physical examination on the affected person to ensure that they collect more data that is objective. The respiratory evaluation entails various factors like vesicular breath sounds, bronchial sounds, or tracheal sounds. Some of the evaluation practices to be conducted in ascertaining whether the patent has a respiratory infection include palpation, percussion, and auscultation. There is a need for the healthcare provider to be in a position to analyze the breathing rhythm and the depth of breathing of the patient. This will be done to ascertain the organs that are affected.
The process of percussion in gathering evidence entails obtaining the breathing sounds. The sounds vary from hyper sonant, flat, resonant, or dull. The resonance displays the possibility of inflammation in the lungs, and it may be more clear in hyper resonance. The probability of fluid in the respiratory system’s tissue is depicted by hard, dull sound during palpation. Additionally, the coughing condition of the affected person should also be evaluated depending on the wheezing that accompanies the cough, the length, and the coughing pattern. There is also a need to analyze if there are any possible signs that accompany the cough.
Physical assessment Process for Respiratory Health Cases
The process of physical examination for the persons affected with respiratory infections is done before the final diagnosis. The evaluation process comprises palpation, inspection, auscultation, and percussion (Birks, et al. 2014). Auscultation is the process of listening to the sounds emerging from the lungs during breathing. Percussion is the process of using the middle figure to touch the chest of the patient. Notably, the middle fingers of both hands may be involved in the process sometimes. This process intends to ascertain the probability of anatomy abnormality through the vibration that is generated. The evaluation of the sick’s mental status is another analysis procedure that could be conducted on the patient. The rhythm of breathing, the mucus membrane, and the chest shape are other assessments that could be done.
Paediatric Assessment for cases of Respiratory System Infection
There is a difference in the process of analyzing young children and the process involved in the analysis of adults that may be suffering from conditions affecting the respiratory system (Gupta, et al. 2014). The percussion does not provide the ideal results in children’s cases, implying that it may not be done. There is a need for the nurses to conduct palpation with more analysis to determine the exact one-sided expansion. The study of the liver’s position is another condition that should be examined to determine the incidence of lung expansion. There is a variation of the ventilator patterns and the gaseous exchange rates for pregnant mothers from the typical adults implying that the healthcare providers should consider this factor while doing the analysis.
Common Health Conditions Affecting the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is affected by various health conditions. Some of the conditions include Asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary condition that affects children is pneumonia. Additionally, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among infants below five years, making the disease one of the deadly conditions in the world. Pneumonia is caused by either viruses, bacteria, or fungus. It merges when the air sacs are filled with fluid or pus, which affects the efficiency of the alveoli in the exchange of gases. Notably, the affected persons often cough and develop issues during breathing, as explained by Cillóniz, Cardozo, & García-Vidal, (2018). One of the factors contributing to pneumonia is the utilization of ventilators in the hospital setting to help to breathe. Some other common signs of the condition comprise of fever, confusion, sharp chest pain, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea in children. Age is one of the risk factors where those below two years and above 65 years are more likely to be affected. Additionally, smoking, being hospitalized, and those with chronic illness are also at risk.
Diagnostic for Pneumonia and treatment
Conducting sputum tests to establish the possible cause of infection. The severity of the spread on the chest and lungs determined by performing an X-ray (Cillóniz, Cardozo, & García-Vidal, 2018). Additionally, blood tests can also be done to determines the cause of the condition, either if it is a virus, bacteria, or fungus. Besides the pulse oximetry, pleural fluid culture is also done. CT scans can also be conducted to determine the extent of the infection’s effect on the respiratory system.
The cause of pneumonia determines the treatment to be administered. Antibiotics are used in the case of bacteria treatment (Cillóniz, Cardozo, & García-Vidal, 2018). Pain relievers suppress fever. The cough is reduced by administering cough medicine to reduce the symptoms.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the respiratory system is one of the leading systems that plays a significant role in the functionality of the human body. The respiratory system’s vital role is to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body. The system is divided into two halves comprising the lower and the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, the organs of the respiratory system are either respiratory segments or transmitting segments. The transmitting organs are the tubes that carry air while the portions carry out particular actions on air to enable the processes. When diagnosing the respiratory disorders, a sample of subjective data includes the data observed by the sick with the objective data obtained by the healthcare giver. Pneumonia is one of the critical conditions that affect the respiratory system. Pneumonia leads to the accumulation of fluid in the air sacs preventing the effectiveness of gaseous exchange