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The book begins with the statement of Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanack, 1750 that the three things that are extremely hard are a diamond, steel, and knowing one’s self.
In the video of the self-concept-the humanistic branch of psychology, Carl Rogers believed that self-esteem which he also referred to as self-worth, was one of the three branches of self-concept. He viewed it as more of the amount of love or value people place on themselves.
In Discovering Psychology series, the fifteen program, ‘Self,’ helps in looking into the motivational and emotional consequences of self-esteem. It teaches us that an optimist performs better compared to a pessimist. Consequently, an individual who has a better view of oneself tends to live a healthier and better life.
As stated in our book, the pursuit of self-esteem can backfire if an individual’s self-worth is dependent on external sources such as the opinions of others where more anger, stress, alcohol, and drug abuse, eating disorders, as well as relationship problems may arise compared to that self-worth was contingent on internal sources such as personal virtues (Myers 2005, 65). Individuals with low self-esteem are more susceptible to eating disorders, loneliness, and anxiety. People trying to find self-esteem mostly end up losing sight of happiness as the most important in life. They tend to blame others and react harshly when criticized. (Myers 2005, 66)
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As stated in our books, overconfidence is displayed when one is unaware of his or her errors. This is when intuition is sometimes wrong, and the cognitive systems are inefficient. Its phenomenon displayed the tendency to be more confident then correct- to overestimate the accuracy of an individual’s beliefs. (Myers 2005, 84) The consequences of overconfidence are profound. When people think that they know how things will turn out, they often miss the window. It is ironic how incompetence feeds overconfidence as it takes competence to recognize competence, as stated by Justin Kruger and David Dunning (1999).
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Role-playing coming from the word role, which is borrowed from the theater, where it refers to the expected actions from individuals who occupy certain social positions (Myers 2005, 120). People start by feeling phony at the beginning of their new enacted social roles but their unease seldom lasts. The first days in a new school for example in the above picture have made people step into new different roles in different situations. Most have for instance tried to act mature in their first days by suppressing their previous behaviors after being supersensitive in their new social unit. During this period, individuals tend to observe their new actions and speech because they are not natural to them. The pseudo-intellectual talk and the role in general then starts to fit in perfectly and no longer feels forced (Myers 2005, 120). We learn that behaviors affect our attitudes bearing in mind that attitudes do a poor job of behavior prediction. Role playing being one of the circumstances that behaviors affect our attitudes, there might be a possibility that the roles that are usually enacted are the ones that shape the attitudes of individuals. Therefore, when placed into roles they tend to adopt attitudes that are consistent with the roles as stated in the PSY221 Lecture Four video .
In conclusion, it is important to recall that overconfidence can be costly but realistic self-confidence is adaptive. This should help in being cautious in discerning both to prevent cases of undermining one’s genuine decisiveness or self-confidence so as not to miss out on their wisdom, courage to speak up, or make hard decisions.
Works Cited
https://images.app.goo.gl/unccwD5JsSkJQaKU8
https://images.app.goo.gl/qwvmEp9aaxc8x8eV7
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