According to Ernst there is no separate Muslim world today. He tells us that all Muslims are not the same. Like any other group of people, Muslims feel the effects of the significant factors of life that affect everyone globally: ethnicity, political power, economic class, gender, nationality and many more. He contends that it is wrong to think that Muslims get the drive to act entirely from religion other than elements that shape the lives of people globally. Ernst says it is dehumanizing and portrays Muslims as hostile people. It is wrong to also assume the Muslims do not have a history. Every person, whether a Muslim. Christian or Jew has a history and a culture. If every Muslim is violent, the response should be violence towards them. In a world where people try to build a world free from domination and violence, we should consider the Muslims point of view and culture because they do not live in a separate world with the rest of the people. Muslims on the other hand should try to understand the position of non-Muslims and research on their culture and beliefs.
The attitude of Christians towards Muslims has been negative during the medieval ages but not always. Muhammad has to advise a group of Muslims to run from Mecca to avoid persecution by the pagan rulers and they receive refuge from a Christian king. Therefore, we can say that the conflict or misunderstanding between Muslims and Christians is man-made. Medieval Christians try to reverse all the features that authenticate Prophet Muhammad and turn them into flaws. Christians cannot permit another Prophet after Jesus Christ. Jesus is the only true Prophet because he performs miracles and the Muslim Prophet is an impostor. Muhammad is a descendant of Abraham but Christians claim it is false, and when he performs no miracles like Christ, Christian opponents state that he is not a Prophet. Also, he involves himself in military activities and he marries a number of women. Jesus had no wife and medieval Christians view the act of not marrying as true spirituality. These people contend that the Prophet is full of political ambitions and lust.
The French invade and conquer Algeria. When the Algerian war that leads to independence takes place, the war leaves one million Algerians and almost thirty thousand Frenchmen dead. Colonialism is a brutal affair. During the times of American slave trade, almost 15 percent of these Africans were Muslims and some preserve their culture and write in Arabic. Also, the Americans occupy the Philippines and the resistance they meet is from the Muslim men. The United States steps into the shoes which the British leave behind in countries like Iran and Egypt. Colonialists introduce their language and culture to every country they step in and they leave a lasting impression. A country like Turkey remains independent throughout this period.
Huntington forecasts clashes that will take place in civilization. His focus is on a union between Islamic and Sinic cultures to fight off a common enemy, which is the west. Just like during the colonial times, the western nations have a superior military presence which is way above the Islamic capabilities. The west can crush any resistance because of their military advancement. Also, the western nations want to introduce their cultures and way of life such as democracy and human rights. Colonialists use their influence to introduce their culture to various countries. Brutality is a common thing during colonization and still it is present in the clash civilization.