Annotation on Overweight in Children.
Brands, Brigitte, et al. “How growth due to infant nutrition influences obesity and later disease risk.” Acta Paediatrica 103.6 (2014): 578-585.
In an article by Brigitte Brand and to others, on how growth due to infant nutrition and risk of diseases, they contend that it is nutrition that impacts most on immediate outcomes and long-term risks of diseases in children. They identify a phenomenon they term ‘metabolic programming’ as a representation of disorders that occur as a result of nutrition. To arrive at their conclusion on the topic, they review and discuss the present hypothesis postulated and investigated mechanisms applied in the EarlyNutrition Projects. As such, they conclude that rapid weight gain during the early years of life stands to be mostly mediated by diary protein, which affects growth factor metabolic pathways-like insulin. They also claim that in such occurrence, the epigenetic factors or processes seem to play a role in the rapid overweight in children.
Burkhalter, Toni M., and Charles H. Hillman. “A narrative review of physical activity, nutrition, and obesity to cognition and scholastic performance across the human lifespan.” Advances in Nutrition 2.2 (2011): 201S-206S.
These researchers review studies that evaluate the relationship of storage, energy consumption, and expenditure to scholastic and cognitive performance. They focus on nutrient intake, physical activity, and body mass to describe weight gain relative to cognitive development and academic development in young children. From their reviews, they suggest that excess body mass and overconsumption of energy result in poor academic results in children. Their research suggests that the adoption of increased physical activity increases cognitive health and functions. As part of their concluding remarks on the study, they assert that the preliminary data on the matter are promising and match the declining physical health not only in children but in adults as well.
Campbell, Karen J., et al. “Associations between the home food environment and obesity‐promoting eating behaviors in adolescence.” Obesity 15.3 (2007): 719-730.
Carren Campbell and colleagues examine the relationships that exist between obesity-promoting characteristics of children and adolescents and multiple elements of the home-food environment. They specifically evaluate their study on the frequency of consumption of high-energy fluids, take-out foods, sweet snacks, and savory snacks. Employing a cross-sectional study that included three hundred and forty-seven children and their parents, pertinent data was collected via self-completed surveys and assessed with the use of Food Frequency Questionnaires.
After the analysis, they found out that it was pervasive that mothers acted as models for eating behaviors and providers of these foods. Their study on the home food environment and its influence on children’s weight highlight as to provide direction on preventing child obesity; mothers have a pervasive influence on the prevalence of the condition.
Edelman, MaryAnn, and Carmel T. Ficorelli. “Ending the epidemic of adolescent obesity.” Nursing2019 42.11 (2012): 1-3.
In a journal article written by Edelman, MaryAnn, and Carmel on ending the epidemic of adolescent obesity, they point out that children’s overweight conditions place them at significant risks of serious chronic diseases that could even result in premature deaths. They provide that efforts should be taken by mothers to ensure infants are not exposed to uncontrolled weight gain and teenagers to strive to lose weight to controllable body size. They suggest posting that with as little bodyweight loss as 5% will decrease the potential risks of developing heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension, particularly in later adulthood stages of life. Also, their article addresses factors that contribute to childhood obesity. They further discuss what health personnel can do in helping control the rise of the epidemic.
Huffman, Fatma G., Sankarabharan Kanikireddy, and Manthan Patel. “Parenthood—a contributing factor to childhood obesity.” International journal of environmental research and public health 7.7 (2010): 2800-2810.
According to these researchers, the parental status may be linked with their infants’ and children’s health outcomes such as blood cholesterol, eating habits, and body weight. In their research, they examine the surveys and information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to give a unique chance of matching children to parents by effecting out analyses of racial differences, joint demographics, and health indicators. As from their study, children from single-parent households were significantly more overweight compared to their counterparts from dual-parent families. Also, the study provided that on average, children of color (Black Children) were more overweight than of other races. Therefore, they implied a strong relationship between excess weight in young children and single-parent status with predictors of parents’ control over strong fatty acids intake and strongly calorized foods.
Ogden, Cynthia L., et al. “Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: the United States, 2011–2014.” (2015): 1-8.
From the research conducted by Cynthia Ogden and others on the prevalence of the overweight condition in children and adults in the United States, they provide a report on the condition based on its prevalence concerning aspects of age, gender, and race, i.e., African (Blacks), and Hispanic origins. They found out from their explorations that obesity prevalence among women was rated at 38.3% while that associated with men, at 34.3%. Additionally, their analysis confirms that overweight condition is higher in women than in men of all ages or age groups. They also conclude that obesity in Non-Hispanic adults was the least with 11.7%. Blacks (adults) had a prevalence of 48.1%. The pattern of women in this distribution was found to correlate with the overall adult population pattern. With regard to sex (gender), they only found out that Hispanic adults were the only ones who showed a different distribution of prevalence of this particular condition.
Works Cited:
Brands, Brigitte, et al. “How growth due to infant nutrition influences obesity and later disease risk.” Acta Paediatrica 103.6 (2014): 578-585.
Burkhalter, Toni M., and Charles H. Hillman. “A narrative review of physical activity, nutrition, and obesity to cognition and scholastic performance across the human lifespan.” Advances in Nutrition 2.2 (2011): 201S-206S.
Campbell, Karen J., et al. “Associations between the home food environment and obesity‐promoting eating behaviors in adolescence.” Obesity 15.3 (2007): 719-730.
Edelman, MaryAnn, and Carmel T. Ficorelli. “Ending the epidemic of adolescent obesity.” Nursing2019 42.11 (2012): 1-3.
Huffman, Fatma G., Sankarabharan Kanikireddy, and Manthan Patel. “Parenthood—a contributing factor to childhood obesity.” International journal of environmental research and public health 7.7 (2010): 2800-2810.
Ogden, Cynthia L., et al. “Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: the United States, 2011–2014.” (2015): 1-8.