Technological Advances
With the significant reduction of natural resources of rivers, streams, and lakes in the northern African region, the ancient Egyptian empires resorted to crop cultivation in sowing grains using the adaptable technology of their Mesopotamian neighbors. Through building irrigation ditches and dikes to water, their farmlands from the streaming sources of the Nile River managed to increase the farm produce, thus maintaining a steady supply of food and, in turn, a growing population. For Medieval Europe, the years between 1000 and 1300 saw a massive increase in population as a result of refined medieval farming technologies. Inventions of the heavy plow, the water mills, and the moldboard plow aided the farmers in exploiting the fertile soils of northern Europe. This technology increased production and productivity by the peasants that they got fully engaged in food production (Andersen et al., 2016).
Political Organization
Ancient Egypt had a centralized state of governments of two kingdoms of Northern Egypt and the Nubians of the South. Its geographical situation between the inhabited northern desserts and the Nile Valley distanced it from possible invaders giving it a more stable political atmosphere. This environment enables it to establish a unified and long-lasting kingdoms stretching through the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms which were further divided by individual dynasties of rulers. Unlike the Ancient African Empire of Egypt, The post-Roman rule in Europe was predominantly a feudalism organization with distinct social classes of kings, nobles, and peasants. The inferior governments of this time submitted to a more powerful political power that could protect its borders from would-be invaders. Landowners who were unable to pay their governors in cash turned to providing them with the use of land as a grant popularly referred to as benefice. For example, the Franks had much land but not enough money, so they supported their soldiers and officers with benefits.
Reference
Andersen, T. B., Jensen, P. S., & Skovsgaard, C. V. (2016). The heavy plow and the agricultural revolution in Medieval Europe. Journal of Development Econo