Speech defines the principle of freedom, either of an individual or a community at large. Freedom of speech or freedom of expression is a fundamental human right recognized in the universal declaration of human rights (UDHR) under article 19. It is also accorded constitutional protection in many countries. Humans are social beings and are entitled to communication. Communication is achievable via writing, painting, the composition of songs and poems, theatre performances, dressing, and so much more. Free speech is therefore protected worldwide, for it allows the society to develop and progress.
First and foremost, speech promotes the free exchange of ideas. People must get to listen to various views from other people. Educational institutions are an example of an avenue for the transfer of knowledge and opinions. For instance, during student group discussions or staff meetings, the members are given a platform to air out their different ideologies. In history, free speech aided in making some of the world’s most significant academic contributions. The likes of Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin and Galileo Galilei are examples of brilliant scholars whose ideologies are in use until date. An exchange of knowledge and thoughts often steers a conversation forward, facilitating decision making. As a result, there is the creation of a healthy and free society whose members are free from suppression.
Freedom of speech fortifies democracy, as it is one of the core values of a democratic government. Citizens have the liberty to express their thoughts; however wrong they may be. Peaceful demonstrations are witnessed all over the world as people burn national flags or carry posters hurling insults to their government. Various human rights activists and freedom fighters were able to fight for change by being vocal. The Late Nelson Mandela is still remembered today by his slogan “freedom in our lifetime” that he used in fighting colonists in South Africa. He became an instrument of hope to bring democracy and freedom to the people of South Africa. Today, South Africa is one of the leading democratic countries in Africa. Free speech also helps minorities to have an impact on society. A small group of people often appears submerged in the majority. However, freedom of speech gives the minority a voice among the majority. Their grievances can be heard and put into consideration during decision making.
In addition, freedom of speech is worth protecting since it reinforces other human rights. This right includes the freedom to hold opinions, to seek, retrieve, and impart information through any form of media. Citizens have the liberty to get information from any reachable source. During political campaigns, leaders are free to air their manifesto to the people. In turn, the public is free to investigate the leaders and gain as much information before voting for them. It is therefore evident how right to information and opinion is linked to free speech. Moreover, the right to information and opinion is invalid without the freedom of declaration of view. Conveying the data received to others can be through various media such as meetings, peaceful demonstrations, or the press.
However, as much as free speech should be protected, it is not unlimited. Legal systems have put in place certain limitations to the freedom of speech. Whenever free speech compromises and conflicts other rights, it is limited. For instance, when the right to privacy is in jeopardy, whatever information gathered is considered invalid. In cases of incitement, selling of trade secrets or classified information, copyright violation, pornography, slander, and obscenity, there is a restriction of free speech.
Deontology is an ethical theory that states; the morality of an action depends on whether the act itself is right or wrong rather than based on the consequences. Usually, an act that is not considered morally right can lead to a positive outcome. For instance, criticizing the government by a peaceful demonstration may not seem to be the correct approach to a problem. However, it may lead to a resolution of the issue at hand. In such a case, we embrace deontology when free speech is protected.
On the other hand, utilitarianism is an ethical theory that distinguishes right from wrong by focusing on the outcome. It is a study of duty and obligation where one makes an excellent choice that benefits the higher population. Utilitarianism is when there is a promotion of actions that maximize happiness and the well being of affected individuals protected as well. In conclusion, freedom of speech is an invaluable cornerstone of a free society and it is worth protecting.