International justice

Introduction.

International justice refers to the efforts that the international front, including governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations, to ensure accountability. The global justice system ensures that those that commit serious crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and enforced disappearance are accountable for their actions and are brought to justice (Megret, 2018). The reason behind international justice is to ensure that all human beings are treated equally, and those that abuse their human rights are brought to justice.

Need for international justice

Because many of the victims of crimes against humanity may not get the justice, they deserve in their home country because of a weak criminal justice system, political influence, and victimization, that is why the International Criminal Court (ICC) was established (Amnesty, n.d). The ICC was established in 2002 with a primary aim of investigating and prosecuting those that are suspected of committing crimes against humanity. The central role of the ICC is to act as a neutral party that is not influenced by any political power and offer justice to the victims.

The issue of torture

The international justice issue that is present in today’s world is the issue of torture. Torture can be defined as the server mental and physical pain that is inflicted on a person by someone in authority for a specific reason (Peters, 2018). On most occasions, torture is done to extract information or confession from someone, but also it is at the time used as a means of spreading fear in a society. Torture might come in different forms; it can be physical, sexual, or psychological. Actions such as rape, electric shock, prolonged sleep deprivation, or solitary confinement are types of torture that can be done on someone.

An overview of torture according to international justice

Under the international justice systems or law, torture is illegal, and no one should be subjected to such ill-treatment. Even after amnesty international created the UN convention against torture, some countries have failed to criminalize the act of torture as an offense under their national law (Amnesty, n.d). Between the start of 2009 and May 2013, amnesty international received reports of torture in 141 nations from different parts of the world, which shows that the issue of torture is still being carried out. The intentional inflicting of pain using different inhumane methods should be stopped, no matter the intention. The law enforcers should try their best to use other means of interrogation that are safer and legal.

The liberal’s point of view

The liberals believe that torture is a necessary evil, and it should be used in situations where more lives can be saved via the information gotten out of it. Most liberals use a scenario of a ticking bomb where a terrorist has been arrested. Still, he had already planted a bomb that could kill hundreds of people to get the information about the location of the bomb; some harsh measures of interrogation must be used (Altman & Wellman, 2009). This school of thought goes against the global justice theory, which sees every individual as being an essential part of society and should be treated equally and morally. In the future, they predict that torture has to continue as long as there are enemies of the state as it is the only way any radicalized terrorist can offer information.

The realist point of view on torture

Realists stand against torture as they say it is illegal and inhumane. For that reason, it should be stopped as it gives a government a lousy image, and also it empowers the enemies in finding a purpose to retaliate once one of them has been tortured. The realists support the global justice theory, where they perceive that an individual should be treated right no matter their crime (Walt, 2009). Although torture can be used for the safety of the nation and the people, at times, there are other methods of interrogation that can be used which do not inflict pain or causes mental and physical disorder. In the future, with better international relationships and stability, there will be no enemies that need to be tortured if all apply the global justice theory.

The role of intergovernmental organizations

The intergovernmental organizations are an entity that is formed by merging two or more nations with a focus on finding solutions to a common problem (Harvard Law School, n.d.). In the case of torture, the IGO would help reduce or put an end on it by coming up with treaties that put an end on in it declare ring that the involved nations will not take part in this type of activity.

The role of the Non-governmental Organization

Most non-governmental organizations, such as the United Nations, are in a biter position to put a stop to torture because they have a huge following and are not affected by political influence (Barrett, 2019). NGOs focus more on human rights, and they can use their power to urge other nations to stop torturing victims.

The role of a potential global government

A global government would mean that all the countries of the world functions under one constitution and have the same systems (Archibugi & Pease, 2018). Through a global government, the constitution can declare torture illegal and have consequences for those that attempt to violate this law.

Conclusion

All humans are equal and should be treated with respect, and the law does not allow anyone no matter who they are to violate human rights. Torture is immoral, unethical, and inhumane, and it should be stopped. Other better and safer methods are put in place to extract information from terrorists or enemies of the state.

Reference

Altman, A., & Wellman, C. H. (2009). A liberal theory of international justice. Oxford University Press.

Archibugi, D., & Pease, A. (2018). Crime and global justice: the dynamics of international punishment. John Wiley & Sons.

Barrett, L. (2019). The contribution of civil society to combatting torture and ill-treatment: a cross-national analysis (Doctoral dissertation, University of Essex).

Megret, F. (2018). International Justice. International Justice”, in Jean d’Aspremont & Sahib Singh, Fundamental Concepts for International Law-The Construction of a Discipline, Oxford University Press (2017).

Harvard Law School. (n.d.). Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs). Retrieved from https://hls.harvard.edu/dept/opia/what-is-public-interest-law/public-service-practice-settings/public-international-law/intergovernmental-organizations-igos/

Introducing Global Justice in International Relations Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.e-ir.info/2018/01/02/global-justice-in-international-relations-theory/

Peters, E. (2018). Torture. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Walt, S. M. (2009, January 13). Realism on the rack. Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/01/13/realism-on-the-rack/

Why Amnesty thinks torture should be abolished everywhere. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/torture/

How does the international justice system hold the powerful to account? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/international-justice/

International justice

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