Case Study Test 2
- Diagnosis
- Clinic Diagnosis:
Primary: schizophrenia
Secondary: mental disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and depressive/ bipolar disorder
R/O: MRI, CT, and psychotic signs
- Medical issues-any medical problem;
Mental illness, hallucinations, disorganized speech, delusion, and disorderly behavior
- Psychosocial stressor;
- KC had issues with her primary support group, including family discord, siblings, chaos with grandmother, and conflict with his parents.
- He had problems connected to the social environment, such as the poor relationship with his siblings, sitting in the garden alone most of the time, no social support, manipulated by peers like smoking.
- KC also experience educational issues such as failed of his classes and dropping out of high school.
- The economic issue, Kc’s father provided little financial support to his family
- Another psychosocial problem accompanied by KC’s father was related to immigration
- Kc had Emotion problems such as crying, taking a shower once a month, and communicating with voices.
- KC’s father had an issue with marriage, and he had fake marriages
- KC also had no social contacts and no chores.
- Justification
Psychotic depression
Bipolar disorder
Delusion
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech and behavior
Schizophreniform
- Sociocultural factors
Impaired social functioning is one of the defining properties of schizophrenia. This characteristic was discovered a century ago in the earliest clinical description of the disorder. Nowadays, the remaining hallmark of schizophrenia is a deterioration of social connections with social isolation as well as the withdrawal forming section of its clinical profile in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Orban, pg 168). When the patient is diagnosed with schizophrenia, it is found that people with schizophrenia are predominantly of lower social class. The idea of drifting from higher to lower social level before the onset of the illness is not substantiated. The original family is predominantly lower social classes, and KC is likely to have smaller grade occupation than his father despite both frequently being lower social class and Immigrating is presented.
- Etiology
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects the thinking of people, feel, and perceive. The cause of schizophrenia is not identified, but various factors have been shown associated with its onset. Both men and women have the same chances of developing these brain disorders across the lifespan, although the beginning for men is often earlier. This factor associated with the development of the disease includes genetic, biochemical factors, family relationships, stress and alcohol, and other drug use and environmental factors. The biochemical factor is that there are specific biochemical substances in the brain that are thought to be involved in schizophrenia disorders, such contents are neurotransmitters called dopamine. An Individual’s genetic predisposition to the diseases is likely to be one of the effects of such chemical imbalance. The other biochemical substance believes to associate with this disorder is a complication during pregnancy or birth that affects the structure destruction to the brain (Orban, pg 168). Stress is also recognized as the precede of the onset of schizophrenia. It acts as precipitating cases in vulnerable people. Patients with schizophrenia often become anxious, irritable, and unable to concentrate before any acute signs are evident. This can lead to issues with work or study and relationships to deteriorate. The stressful factor is often blamed for the onset of the disorder, but mostly the schizophrenia disorder itself has caused the stressful event. But it is not very clear whether or not stress can lead or result in schizophrenia disorder. Another factor is alcohol, and other drug abuse, cannabis, and amphetamine consumption may boost psychosis in people who are vulnerable to developing schizophrenia. The substance consumption does not lead to schizophrenia; it powerfully connected to relapse. Individuals with schizophrenia disorder are more likely than the general population to consume alcohol and another drug, this is detrimental to treatment (Orban, pg 171). It is considered that the proportion of patient with schizophrenia disorder has been indicated to smoke, that contributes to poor physical health. The environmental factors associated with schizophrenia illness are obstetric complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and hypoxia. There is some genetic architecture of schizophrenia, such as multiple common variants and highly penetrant as well as individually rare variants. Genetic is one of the factors associated with schizophrenia onset; in the case of KC, the predisposition to schizophrenia is seem to run in his family.
The patient can notice he or she has schizophrenia disorders when has psychotic symptoms, like experiencing auditory hallucinations and delusion, as well as disorganized speech and behavior. The most usual symptoms of disordered speech are, one loose association (no relation between one and next believe). Another is Neologism (creating words or phrases with meaning understand by the patient), preservation (repeating the same thing the patient speaks), and clang (rhyming words without meaning) (Vernal, 968). Disorganized behavior is showed when the patient is interacting with others and may appear as a lack of inhabitation and impulse control, a decline in whole daily functioning (Vernal, 969). There are some negative signs such as lack of emotional expression, lack of enthusiasm, and the patient may seem to lack interest in the world also have difficulty in speeches and abnormalities.
KC’s father has marital problems, and when he got married to KC’s mother, he started an affair with a woman. He later planned to marry an American woman. KC’s family had issues in immigration. KC required adequate money to make his loved one happy, but it appeared that there were never enough. He had delusions which involved believing that his birth mother is the Queen of England, and his father is Louie the 16th. KC appears to have a puffy face and large eyes; also, his hair was mostly greasy with a heavy smell. Whenever KC passed, he was noticed because of his body odor. He becomes dangerous to him and his family, he hit his mother with his fist and also cutting his wrist with scissors as well as beating his head against the wall. His psychotic symptoms were represented by the assaulted his grandmother when sent by his father. He even jotted down a few lines on a piece of paper. And most of all, he spent his time alone sitting in the garden and crying.
- Treatment
A diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be seen as a life sentence of ever-worsening signs and recurring hospitalization. Patients like KC with schizophrenia can overcome such symptoms and function, usually with treatment and self-help. To treat schizophrenia disorder, we should use the most effective treatment strategy, such as relating medication, therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support.
KC requires long term treatment; this is to make sure he feels better and stay symptom-free. His treatment can change over time, depending on the doctor to improve his symptoms. The medication appropriate for KC to reduce his psychotic signs like hallucination and delusion. Although this can not cure but would help him to be treated symptoms like social withdraw and lack of emotional expressiveness. This can be done by finding the right drug and dosage for him. But medication for him should not be used at the expense of his quality life. KC also requires therapy to help him improve coping and survival skills, address relationship problems, and improve communication. KC should involve group therapy with another patient with a similar problem to gain valuable insight on how to deal with the challenge.
KC should also be required to help himself; this is by getting regular physical exercise as well as emotional benefits. This will decrease symptoms or improve his focus and energy. He should participate in running, swimming, or walking. He should also avoid smoking because substance abuse complicates the treatment of schizophrenia and worsen signs. To balancing his moods, KC should eat regular, nutritious meals like omega-3 fatty acids from fatty fish and fish oil.
Work Cited
Austria government. “Department of Health | What Treatment Is Available?” Www1.Health.Gov.Au, 2020, www1.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-w-whatschiz-toc~mental-pubs-w-whatschiz-treat. Accessed 15 May 2020.
Cleveland clinic. “Schizophrenia Diagnosis and Tests | Cleveland Clinic.” Cleveland Clinic, 2018, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4568-schizophrenia/diagnosis-and-tests.
Mayo clinic. “Schizophrenia – Symptoms and Causes.” Mayo Clinic, 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/schizophrenia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354443.
Melinda. “HelpGuide.Org.” HelpGuide.Org, 21 May, 2019, www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-disorders/schizophrenia-signs-and-symptoms.htm. Accessed 2019.
Orban, Pierre, et al. “Multisite generalizability of schizophrenia diagnosis classification based on functional brain connectivity.” Schizophrenia Research 192 (2018): 167-171.
Vernal, Ditte Lammers, et al. “Validation study of the early onset schizophrenia diagnosis in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register.” European child & adolescent psychiatry 27.8 (2018): 965-975.