Chapter 2 Questions
- Each of the two groups – Indians and Englishmen – had commodities that were demanded by the other, but they hesitated in conducting the trade as the other group would gain strength.
- The leaders of the Englishmen and Indians were John Smith and Powhatan, respectively. John Smith sought food, notably corn, for his people, while Powhatan searched for swords and coppers for fortifying his army.
- Rodger Williams believed that there is no significance for forcing an apprentice or individual to a specific religion. He argued that it does not affect the community members’ obedience to their masters or respective authority.
- In the ship, each individual, no matter the faith, has freedom of religion. There are peace and justice. However, on land, religious freedom does not exist. On top of it, no questioning the authority, and no preaching or writing of a nation without commanders. This, to him, was unacceptable due to that everyone is equal in Christ – no masters, officers, laws, nor punishment. He further states that the officers had the authority to determine the judgement, resistance or punishment against the transgressors. Another weakness in the analogy is that he is questioning the governance, and at the same time terming it as bad.
Chapter 3 Questions
- Moderately strict. It is because every member of the family was aware and accepted his/her gender roles. And it was well understood in the community.
- The women of Carolina were expected to be good mothers, housewives and assist their partners in any work. According to Lawson, women, the main task was to make cloths from flax, cotton and wool, and for others was to keep their families decently decked, with apparels of wool and linen.
- The apprentice was limited in numerous ways. Without the master’s authority, they could not: play any games like dice or cards; be absent in his service both day and night; and buy or sell. In addition, they were to adhere to all they were told by the master, not to reveal the master’s secrets, and behave well during the master’s term. The apprentices were given hope as they were provided with their basic needs, such as apparels, food, drinks and a home. Further, they know the indenture will expire after seven years. Many individuals willingly became apprentices because they knew they would emerge as professional cordwainers. I would like to have done the same as it is comparable to being in a higher education.
- The masters were required to offer food, shelter and clothes to the apprentice. In return, the apprentices were to obey all the commands of their masters, seek permission for anything they intended to do and behave respectfully. The benefits accruing to the master is obtaining help in servile work, whereas the apprentice gains craftsmanship skills, and is provided with basic needs and one-quarter of schooling. Moreover, on the expiration of the contract, he is gifted with a new suit, two scarves and four shirts. Due to both of them accepting the contracts willingly, I would conclude that no one is gaining more than the other and regard the contract as symbiotic.
- The petitioners were English settlers and authors of the petition in the trail at the Court of Newton. The petitioners disliked the non-English migrant’s culture of having less freedom in culture and trade.