Management of Facilities and Infrastructure in Islamic Boarding Schools in a Realist Frame
The effectiveness of the learning process in pesantren is greatly influenced by many factors, one of which is the availability of standardized educational facilities accompanied by maximum use and management. Educational facilities or facilities and infrastructure are one of several important and main resources and are an illustration of the progress of an institution in fully supporting learning activities in pesantren, therefore it is necessary to make efforts to continuously improve its utilization and management, so that the expected goals can be achieved maximally. At this time there are still often found several educational facilities in Islamic boarding schools that receive assistance, both from the government and the community that are not maximally used and maintained and cannot even be used in accordance with their functions. This was caused by many factors, among others, by the lack of maintenance of the facilities owned and less optimal management. (Fauzan, 2018) Along with changes in the pattern of government after the implementation of regional autonomy, the current school management approach is also different from the previous one, which is more much leads to full autonomy in terms of maximizing the provision, utilization, maintenance, and maintenance of educational facilities in each education unit, there needs to be consistency in the management of facilities and infrastructure. Schools are required to have an attitude of independence to manage all the interests of the school according to their own needs and abilities and based on the aspirations and participation of all school stakeholders and continue to refer to the applicable laws and regulations. This is intended to improve the quality of education in the education unit. So that all these things can be realized. Research Methods / Approaches The method or approach that we used in the process of preparing this article is through literature study. Literature study is a method for gathering information relevant to research topics. And the authors use the philosophy of management approach to the flow of realism, namely a research approach that emphasizes facts and empirical experience as evidence of action. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION FINDINGS In this section some research facts are presented regarding the management of infrastructure facilities in Islamic boarding schools. The first research Based on research on the management of facilities and infrastructure of the Zam-Zam Muhammadiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School, it was found that the management of facilities and infrastructure at the Modern Islamic Boarding School of the ZAM-ZAM Muhammadiyah had been carried out quite well. Facilities and infrastructure management activities carried out by the Modern Islamic Boarding School of ZAM-ZAM Muhammadiyah. Planning and needs analysis carried out by the management by way of consultation involving the director, deputy director of the secretariat, the household as the technical manager of facilities and infrastructure, the Trustees, as well as other board administrators conducted at the beginning of the new teaching. After planning and needs analysis are carried out, the next step is to procure equipment or goods at the Zam-Zam Muhammadiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School in Cilongok which is guided by the planning that was made earlier. Storage of goods or equipment boarding school is stored in a warehouse with a closed and roofed room whose construction is adjusted to the contents of the warehouse. Whereas the distribution of goods in the Zam-Zam Muhammadiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School uses a direct distribution system, ie goods that have been received and are distributed are directly distributed to the parts that need it without going through a storage process. Facility and infrastructure maintenance activities at Zam-Zam Muhammadiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School are carried out every day and periodically. The inventory carried out at the Zam-Zam Muhammadiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School aims to make an inventory of available items to make them more secure. Next is the deletion, namely the deletion of the name of the goods from the second research inventory book. Education facilities and infrastructure planning in Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Enrekang District Enrekang Regency is divided into program facilities and infrastructure planning and household facilities and infrastructure planning. The program facilities and infrastructure planning is made by the pesantren in coordination with the foundation through a series of stages, namely the pesantren coordination meeting, the determination of the pesantren program, and the determination of program facilities and infrastructure needs. Furthermore, the planning of household facilities and infrastructure is made by the supervisor of facilities and infrastructure itself through the stages of reporting needs, processing report data, and determining the needs of household facilities and infrastructure. Provision of educational facilities and infrastructure in Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Enrekang District Enrekang Regency is divided into procurement of program facilities and infrastructure and household facilities and infrastructure procurement. Provision of program facilities and infrastructure is carried out by submitting proposals to the foundation accompanied by a list of needs and price details. The provision of household facilities and infrastructure is carried out by the supervisor of the foundation’s facilities and infrastructure based on the decision of the foundation’s daily chief executive using a budget derived from the monthly payments of students and BOS funds that are disbursed quarterly. Inventory of educational facilities and infrastructure in Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Enrekang District Enrekang Regency was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Directorate General of Quality Improvement of Educators and Education Personnel of the Ministry of National Education in 2007, concerning Management of School-Based School Facilities and Education Infrastructure. The process carried out is the data collection of facilities and infrastructure by the supervisor of the foundation facilities and infrastructure, the coding of goods, classification of goods, and administration. Maintenance of educational facilities and infrastructure in Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Enrekang District Enrekang Regency is carried out by maintaining pesantren facilities and maintaining pesantren infrastructure. maintenance of pesantren facilities is the responsibility of each person in charge of the room and the homeroom teacher with maintenance based on the condition of goods such as electronic devices and props. Furthermore, the maintenance of pesantren infrastructure is the responsibility of the inspector of facilities and infrastructure by checking regularly once a year to prevent damage. Elimination of educational facilities and infrastructure in Darul Falah Islamic Boarding School in Enrekang District Enrekang Regency is carried out on damaged and unused items. The removal of facilities and infrastructure is determined by the chief executive of the day in coordination with the foundation treasurer. The elimination step is the sale of damaged goods by weighing and the sale of used goods for used goods that are no longer functioning. Third Research From the results of research in An Nawawi male boarding school Berjan Purworejo on management of facilities and infrastructure and analyzing them, the fact is obtained that the An Nawawi male Islamic boarding school has carried out facilities and infrastructure management activities with procedures. First, planning is carried out through program planning meetings at An Nawawi men’s Islamic boarding school which is held at the beginning of each year, which is every commencement of the management period to discuss the pesantren program during the tenure period, including the need for pesantren facilities and infrastructure. Second, procurement is an activity to procure facilities and infrastructure of Islamic boarding schools in accordance with the results of mutual agreement in the planning process; Inventory, which is the recording of types of goods, quantity of goods, and condition of goods, all items belonging to An Nawawi Men’s Islamic boarding school are neatly inventoryed in the inventory list of goods. Third, maintenance is the activity of caring for and maintaining the facilities and infrastructure of Islamic boarding schools. The maintenance of the facilities and infrastructure of the An Nawawi men’s Islamic boarding school is carried out by all those who are in the pesantren from the santri, religious teacher and administrators. The controlling is carried out by the head of the facilities and inscriptions of Islamic boarding schools. Fourth, deletion, which is meant by deletion is the deletion of the name of the item from the inventory list because the item is no longer damaged and cannot be used anymore. An Nawawi men’s boarding school Berjan Purworejo also conducts facilities and infrastructure removal activities by replacing if possible and deleting from inventory items. DISCUSSION Infrastructure management is a process of managing and utilizing all resources related to facilities and infrastructure carried out by an institution it includes planning, procurement, distribution, maintenance and inventory activities (Arifin, 2017). In this case the authors propose a discussion of the functions of infrastructure management as follows: Planning Facilities and Infrastructure. Facilities and infrastructure planning is an activity of designing facilities procurement program in schools / pesantren in the form of facilities and infrastructure in the future in order to achieve the goals set. Procurement of facilities and infrastructures according to Nurmadiah in Musolin (2019: 154) suggests that procurement is an effort to realize the results of the plans that have been prepared previously or the programs that have been made. The provision of educational infrastructure is an activity that aims to provide and obtain the educational infrastructure needed to support the learning process to achieve educational goals. Distribution according to Bafadal is an activity of transferring both goods and responsibilities from one person to another or from one unit to another unit that is more in need. In distribution, there are two systems that apply, namely the direct system and the indirect system. Direct distribution system, ie goods that have been received will be distributed directly to the units in need without prior storage. While the indirect distribution is goods that have arrived, not directly distributed but passes through the storage process before being distributed to the units that need it. Maintenance of facilities and infrastructure is the process or activity of caring for items used in the teaching and learning process in order to maintain infrastructure so that it is more durable and not easily damaged. This maintenance process can be carried out by the user directly or by a special officer. Maintenance must be carried out continuously so that facilities and infrastructure in pesantren can remain in good condition and can be operated or used (Musolin, 2019). In fact, maintenance in boarding schools Inventory of facilities and infrastructure is the process of recording all infrastructure facilities owned by the pesantren in a systematic, orderly and orderly manner based on applicable regulations. In its implementation, the inventory process requires the media in recording, for example, the purchase of books, master books, inventory books, and so on (Musolin, 2019).