Comparison of Osteoporosis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomalacia, and osteoarthritis
| Condition | Signs & Symptoms | Pathophysiology | Etiology | Manifestations | Possible Complications | Treatments |
| Osteoporosis | Loss of height, a stooped body posture, back pain, and easy bone fracturing | When loss of bones is more significant than bone formation, osteoblast and osteoblasts cannot produce need bones to compensate for the incurred loss.
|
Estrogen calcium deficiency
Low calcium Testosterone |
It is a skeletal disorder that takes place due to bone fractures. | Mostly a fracture in the spine and hip. A hip fracture can happen due to the fall and result in more severe complications or even death. | Alendronate,
Bisphosphonates Ibandronate Calcium diet and Zoledronic acid
|
| Osteomalacia | Bone pain, Bones that fracture easily and
Muscle weakness |
Bone softening and Mineralization break down | Complete lack of insufficient Vitamin D | Bone tenderness
Bone pain as well as muscle weakness
|
Liver and failure
severe injuries and broken bones. |
supplements, phosphates, calcium and
Vitamin D |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Warm, tender and swollen joints, fever, fatigue and weight patients also experience joint stiffness that becomes severe in the morning and after inactivity | Takes place around small joints, mostly affects tissues around feet and hands | Attacks on the immune system and the synovium- the lining of the membranes surrounding human joints
|
There are stretch and weakening of the ligaments and tendons that hold joints together. Eventually, bones lose alignment and shape. | Joint deformity and bone erosion, lung diseases and heart complications, carpal tunnel, and Osteoporosis | Corticosteroid medications like Immunosuppressant sand prednisone for the immune system, and
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
|
| Gout | inflammation and Severe, sudden pain, redness, swelling, and tenderness in the joints.
|
Joint tenderness and redness, and severe attack pains. Regularly occur at the base of the big toe. | accumulation of crystals in body joints, leading to intense and inflammation pain | Attacks happen suddenly and often wakes one up at night with a lot of sensation that big toe is on fire. | Lead to Kidney stones, Recurrent gout, and advanced gout. | Corticosteroids- which works to reduce inflammation, Colchicine- to minimize gout pain and xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) to increase uric acid removal in the body. |
| Osteoarthritis | Hurting joints during and after movement, Joint stiffness, loss of flexibility,
Tenderness and Grating sensation.
|
The condition mostly affects the neck, knees, joints, hips, and hands. | Destruction of cartilage that connects bones within body joints. | Occasional muscle and joint stiffness and pain
|
Daily tasks are made difficult due to continuous joint pain and stiffness. In cases of extreme joint pain, doctors may suggest joint replacement surgery. | Narcotics
Therapy Acetaminophen
|
References
Colìa, R., Corrado, A., & Cantatore, F. P. (2016). Rheumatologic and extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases. Annals of Medicine, 48(8), 577-585.
Behera, J., & Tyagi, N. (2018). Exosomes: mediators of bone diseases, protection, and therapeutics potential. Oncoscience, 5(5-6), 181.
Gould, B.E. & Dyer, R.M. (2011). Pathophysiology for the health professions [4](VitalSource
Bookshelf). Retrieved from http://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/books/9781437709650/id/ch26
MayoClinic Staff, (2014). Various subjects. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/