Literature Review Matrix
Health systems have undergone a constant revolution with time. Despite the fact, it is essential to analyze their effects on the socially marginalized populations. However, it is of great relevance that measures have been put in place to bridge these voids in service delivery. The examples of these policies include the introduction of universal health care, which has dramatically enabled to foster the betterment of services of the people who are disadvantaged socioeconomically.
The introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act has played a paramount role in the protection of the civil rights of the disabled persons. The relevant statute was put in place with the sole aim of protecting the rights of the employable persons. This Act came in handy with the drastic rise of discrimination cases in America (Pelletier, Lytle & Laska, 131-142). Therefore, the onset of discrimination was countered by providing equal chances alongside with the expensive legal reforms. The formation of this Act was steered by some reasons. First, with the post-war period, the soldiers had suffered too much trauma and stigmatization due to lack of an organization to push for their needs. Consequently, a majority of them were upset and greatly demoralized and had learned the lessons in a hard way and sought to turn the things by the shielding the rights of the socioeconomic casualties. Therefore, significant reforms were put in place to push for better health and insurance rights for the otherwise less fortunate in society (Rosenbaum, Markus&Darnell, 51-53).
Secondly, based on information from Indiana Black Men’s health studies, significant consideration is given to health factors inequity. According to the data, at least either in one out of four men are victims of discrimination by age or based on race. The report further indicates that racial thought has dramatically influenced the depression on black men (Olstad, Ball, Wright, Abbott, Brown & Turner, 158-167). The situation has culminated to lack of insurance among the black men in Indiana. The contribution of this is also observable in that the bridge of ideas has been linked. In addition to this, the racial discrimination claims, which had peaked initially, have been almost solved. It also indicated that the tendency of health discrimination is minimal at lower ages. Research has also suggested that there are more cases of men aged between 33 and 53 years. It means that the environment determines the feeling of the men towards various subjects and even leading to lowering of self-confidence. Their social, economic distractions such these have significantly affected the provision of health services (Parker, Hunte&Ohomit,5-9).
The validity of inequity is demonstrated in voids or not taking care of the interests of the people with little influence. The inequalities are however addressed in a variety of ways; for example; the donation of kidneys for transplant in the United States was made to lower racial and ethnic differences. Through such scenarios, Donna Washington and his fellows study the impact of Veteran Health Administration, which has advocated for medical homes, which has promoted ethnic divisions especially for black patients with high blood pressure and diabetes (Katikireddi, Whitley, Lewsey, Gray & Leyland, 234). The medical homes have primarily played a vital role in outdoing racism as much as health is concerned since little interaction is involved. The system has well succeeded in providing the required attention to the black people though it has not yet solved the problem in a holistic view (McClellan, Mark, Krishna, Andrea, Jonathan, 16-20).
Residents of little economic value are highly discriminated in the United States just like in many other parts of the world. Due to this kind of discrimination, various results are anticipated during the period of economic inflation. Multiple factors have triggered this kind of reaction ranging from demographics to environmental factors according to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the United System (Jennings & Gaither, 131). The cost has contributed to the vast differences in terms of attaining quality health. A survey taking into consideration based on the net sourced a few factors ranging from time, gender, levels of education, to numbers depending on health. A similar study conducted shows that for abandoned medical care majority were going to present foregone care before the recession. To keep in touch with frequent changes in numerous health recording on similar data must be recorded to counter the apparent disparities (Towne, Probst, Hardin, Bell &Glover, 30-44).
Generally, socioeconomic status whether in terms of income or occupation could be directly linked to regular human atrocities such as high blood pressure, low birth weight, and diabetes whereas a low status are connected with high mortality (Guillaumier, Bonevski & Paul, 201). Commonly, socioeconomic positions are associated with death and morbidity, systems that are usually not understood.
In conclusion, better economic policies, which conclusively enable in countering the disparities that arise from health provision. The systems, which have been developed by the United States, have facilitated bridging the socioeconomic gap.
Works cited
Rosenbaum, Sara, Anne Markus, and Julie Darnell. “US civil rights policy and access to health care by minority Americans: implications for a changing health care system.” Medical Care Research and Review 57.1_suppl (2000): 236-259.
Parker, Lauren J., Haslyn Hunte, and Anita Ohmit. “Discrimination in health care: correlates of health care discrimination among black males.” American journal of men’s health 11.4 (2017): 999-1007.
McClellan, Mark, et al. “Improving care and lowering costs: evidence and lessons from a global analysis of accountable care reforms.” Health Affairs 36.11 (2017): 1920-1927.
Towne, Samuel D., et al. “Health & access to care among working-age lower-income adults in the Great Recession: Disparities across race and ethnicity and geospatial factors.” Social science & medicine 182 (2017): 30-44.
Pelletier, Jennifer E., Leslie A. Lytle, and Melissa N. Laska. “Stress, health risk behaviors, and weight status among community college students.” Health Education & Behavior 43.2 (2016): 139-144.
Olstad, Dana Lee, et al. “Hair cortisol levels, perceived stress and body mass index in women and children living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods: the READI study.” Stress 19.2 (2016): 158-167.
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, et al. “Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: analysis of linked cohort data.” The Lancet Public Health2.6 (2017): e267-e276.
Jennings, Viniece, and Cassandra Gaither. “Approaching environmental health disparities and green spaces: An ecosystem services perspective.” International journal of environmental research and public health 12.2 (2015): 1952-1968.
Guillaumier, Ashleigh, Billie Bonevski, and Christine Paul. “‘Cigarettes are priority’: a qualitative study of how Australian socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers respond to rising cigarette prices.” Health education research 30.4 (2015): 599-608.