White Paper on Artificial Intelligence

The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profound impacts on our societies. From SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence is progressing and developing so fast. Similarly, the integration of intelligent machine systems is transforming human lives for the better, involving activities such as optimizing logistics, composing art, detecting fraud, and providing translations. Due to these discoveries, our world tends to become more efficient and consequently richer as these machines and systems become more capable. Even as digital technology becomes an ever-central part of every aspect of people’s lives, it should be designed in a way that people are able to trust it. In the wrong hands, AI is being programmed to do something devastating through the creation of autonomous weapons. Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems designed and programmed to kill. When AI weapons are in use, they can easily cause mass casualties and destruction. With these frustrations in technology, trustworthiness is becoming a prerequisite for any technological uptake. Besides, to any government, given their strong attachment to the rule of law and value, it is becoming its main role of safeguarding its proven capacity of building reliable, safe, and sophisticated products and services from energy to aeronautics, automotive and medical equipments while still monitoring the whole business activity (Anton & Earp, 2001). The purpose of this white paper is to put forward the issues accompanied by the development of artificial intelligence. By presenting this white paper, it will help prepare our societies for the opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence is creating. This proposal covers the main building of policies by governments, including actions to facilitate access to data, actions that support the uptake and development of artificial intelligence, and the key pillars of a future regulatory framework for artificial intelligence.

The pace of adoption for AI by enterprises and organizations continues to grow, as evidenced by the recent survey showing growth across each pattern of artificial intelligence. However, with this great growth of adoption comes strains as the existing laws and regulations struggle to deal with emerging challenges. AI will have an impact on a broad range of areas of common concern, including national security and international development. The value created by data increasingly draws on America’s current and future sustainable economic growth and social well-being. Moreover, due to technological advancement, AI is becoming an essential application in the data economy. It is because of how the AI manages to store and process the data on central cloud-based infrastructure. AI is seen as a collection of technologies that combine algorithms, data, and computer power. This makes data that is related to consumers and customers to be more abundant in businesses, industries, and the public sector and associating computing devices that work at the edge of every network. Therefore, this results in increased availability of data and computing techniques that drives for the current upsurge of AI. Countries like the United States and those found in Europe are considered to be a key center of AI innovation, the way in which they coordinate their data entry, storage, and retrieval matters most. Data becomes the target and a crucial entity that most criminals tend to first access before performing a devastating action.

With the high rates of development of AI, there might be a rise to risks for privacy and protection of personal data. This is due to many activities that involve the use of AI. For instance, many public and private actors tend to use artificial intelligence to identify people who want to remain anonymous. Companies can track the daily habit of their workers and managers to listen to private conversations. Employers can apply AI to oversee the working patterns of their employees. By analyzing all these massive amounts of information, there is a way it can be programmed to track down these companies. According to Pasapane et al. (2018), they state that in order to curb the occurrence of mischievous actions by dangerous people, in the EU and America, AI is subjected to an extensive body of legislation that safeguards on fundamental rights like non-discrimination, data protection, asylum copyright, and gender equality. Further, regulatory bodies have created consumer law and product safety and liability. Considering that data is an essential driver of innovation that facilitates the creation of new opportunities for growth, including for small and medium-sized enterprises, regulatory bodies see the development of commissions as the critical measure for redressing data access. The purpose of introducing this commission is to approve and engage legal certainty, rebuild the weaken citizen’s trust, and prevent the emergence of dynamic industries.

The policy frameworks that are being established in many of the countries worldwide are done to make sure these countries are moving quickly to ensure that existing regulations, laws, and legal constructs remain relevant in the new awakening face of technology change and that they can manage to deal with new and emerging challenges posed by artificial intelligence. Any policy framework setting out is measured to align efforts at national and regional levels. In a partnership between the public and the private sector, the framework’s objective is to mobilize resources to achieve an ecosystem of excellence. With the right policies put in place, the strategies to secure data would aim at enabling its country to become secure, more attractive, and dynamic data-agile economy in the world. The policy created are geared towards;

• Establishing an outstanding intelligence data and computing infrastructure. The emphasis of creating policies will manage to provide a comprehensive data and computing infrastructure with the use of high-performance computing centers and edge computing capacities(Lui, 2013). Further, the creation and funding of policies towards developing artificial intelligence will support the deployment of common US data spaces that would facilitate pooling and sharing of data from all across other states.
• Federating knowledge and achieving excellence. The outline of the commission’s duty is to facilitate the long-term efforts of strengthening the whole country and creating a scientific community that would make the United States “the place to be.” It will also mandate the reinforcement of collaboration and networking through supporting and strengthening coordination of all American’s artificial intelligence excellence centers. Through the commission, it will ensure there is coordination of locally distributed networks.
• Supporting innovations and research to stay at the forefront and create new markets. The objectives of the commission that administer policies are to develop an industrial strategy and administration of policies that are committed to its implementations. The commission and the government’s leaders are to offer strategic guidance to a new private-public partnership on artificial intelligence, strengthening cooperation between industry, academia, guiding robotics, and data that involves all relevant stakeholders.
• Fostering the uptake of artificial intelligence – it is crucial to consider improving the uptake of artificial intelligence that is a task of digital innovation. These digital innovations can be strengthened and supported through the digital programs that would then result in supporting the uptake in high impacts applications such as environmental monitoring and modeling and healthcare.
• Ensuring access to finance for artificial intelligence innovators – the launched policies will be tasked to provide equity financing for artificial intelligence and other innovations such as blockchain.

Despite all the opportunities that artificial intelligence can avail, it can also lead to harm. The kind of harm that might be brought about by artificial intelligence can be both material and immaterial. Loss of material can associate with loss of life, the health of an individual, safety, and damage of property. Immaterial loss can relate to the loss of privacy, human dignity, and limitation to the right of freedom of expression. The commission aims to create a number of policy measures that include mobilizing public and private investments. Additionally, the creation of policies manages to create an environment that is safe and liable with the help of legislation. Similarly, this can be achieved by the way the regulatory framework manages to achieve its objectives. Some of the ways it can accomplish are through;

• Being consistent with the overall objective of the country’s governance approach to AI, that is, promoting America’s innovation capacity in the new and promising field while simultaneously inspecting the technological development and approving how these aspects respect America’s values and principles.
• Establishing an amendment forum that is flexible for adjusting to the existing policies and requirements. This is for the fact that as AI continues to grow rapidly, the already set regulation might not manage to comprehensively cover all the risks that are brought about by AI. There will always result in gaps or weaknesses when trying to tackle certain issues.
• Creating a regulatory framework that is value-based and balanced. Embracing this kind of measure would support the widespread adoption of AI technology and, more so, creating a space for American companies to benefit fully from a single market with zero-friction to enable them to scale up their operations across the country. Cooperating such measure focuses on solving the risks and gaps that would eventually assist unnecessary additional administrative and regulatory burdens.

There are several factors that a country’s governance would boost the development and uptake of AI technology. First, it can be achieved through capitalizing on strengths in industrial and professional markets. America is stipulated to benefit most from the potential advantages realized in using AI. America is regarded to be away ahead as a creator and producer of AI. United States can boost the development and uptake of AI technology through creating more research centers, making a world-leading position in robotics, innovative start-ups, and enhancing its competitive manufacturing and service sectors from automotive to healthcare to financial services, financial services, and agriculture. In addition, as the United States holds large volumes of industrial and public data, it needs to continue concentrating on its computing infrastructure.

Secondly, in order for a country to boost its development and uptake of AI technology, it needs to concentrate on seizing the opportunities that are ahead. Data production is expected to continue growing; for instance, in 2018, about 33 zettabytes were produced. There are expectations that there will be a larger growth of data production to 175 zettabytes by 2025 (Selviah, 2020).  This rise of data production means there will be an opportunity for Americans to continue positioning itself in the data storage-agile economy. Additionally, the way in which data will be produced, processed, and stored is expected to change dramatically over the coming years. About 80 percent of all data is processed and analyzed in the cloud occurs in centralized computing facilities and data centers and about 20 percent in smart connected objects such as home appliances, cars, or manufacturing robots (Selviah, 2020). The United States government can manage and dominate in boosting the development of data storage by being a global leader in low-power electronics that are regarded as key for the next generations and especially for the specialized processors of AI. Also, quantum computing progress will facilitate the exponential generation, which would boost the processing capacity.

Lastly, the government and other responsible regulatory bodies can support AI technology development and uptake by creating an ecosystem of excellence. The developed ecosystem of excellence should be that which supports the economy and public administration, and significantly, the need to develop and have an action at multiple levels needs to be adhered to and implemented.  This can be achieved through;

• Working with member states; Any funding objected to AI attracts and pool investors in the area where the action is distributed to members states to more of what they can achieve. There should be a coordinating plan that manages to address on environmental and societal well-being as a vital principle for artificial intelligence. It is also crucial to conduct these changes in a friendly ecological manner.
• Focusing the efforts on the innovation and research community – the government and regulatory bodies should boost research centers and networks in concentrating in sectors where the United States has the potential to become a global champion in fields such as health, fiancés, health, industry, agri-food value chains, environmental/energy, forestry, earth observations, and space. This could be enhanced in the way the United States manages to afford the current fragmented landscape of centers of competence.
• Developing AI’s strategic view needs to be underpinned by possessing a strong focus on skills to fill competence shortages. These could create an excellent ecosystem as the commission and the regulatory body would manage to reinforce the skills agenda that would ensure that each person in the United States benefits from the economy’s digital transformations (Ritrovato et al., 2019). Other strategies that can boost the development and uptake of artificial intelligence would be promoting AI’s adoption by the public sector, forming a partnership with the private sector, securing access to data and computing infrastructures, focusing on SMEs, and formulating on international aspects.

In conclusion, the major factor that would continue pushing for the boost of development and uptake of AI technology is the future is the critical pillars implemented by the governing and regulatory bodies. These key pillars are; supporting the industrial and technological capacities and the progressive uptake of AI across the economy, ensuring appropriate ethical and legal framework are put in place, and preparing for the social-economic shifts as a result of artificial intelligence. This white paper will allow a comprehensive dialogue with all concerned parties that will observe the implementation of AI.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Anton, A. I., & Earp, J. B. (2001). Strategies for developing policies and requirements for secure and private electronic commerce. In E-commerce security and privacy, 68-87.

Lui, L. (2013). The computing infrastructure for big data processing. Frontiers of Computer Science, 7(2), 164-169.

Pesapane, F., Volonte, C., Codari, M., & Sardanelli, F. (2018). Artificial intelligence as a medical device in radiology: ethical and regulatory issues in Europe and the United States. Insights into Imaging, 9(5), 746-754.

Ritrovato, P., Greco, L., & Xhafa, F. (2019). The edge-stream computing infrastructure for real-time analysis of wearable sensors data. Future Generation Computer Systems, 93, 509-528.

Selviah, D. R. (2020). Automated 3D Point Cloud Data Processing Using AI. Geomatics World, 28(1), 19-22.