The Primary Concepts of Theoretical Organization Perspectives
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Max Weber- Bureaucratic theory
It is a two angled theoretical perspective on organization management; these are behavioural and structural. According to the behavioural angle, Max establishes that, there is a hierarchy of division of both authority and labour within an organization. It is based on laid down rules that these systems can work successfully. He also establishes in his structural view of bureaucratic management theory that the system is an organized structure for human relationship. This management style is based on efficiency emanating from a must follow rigid rules by managers to subordinates in an organization. This form of management limits collaboration and creativity in view of Beetham (2018).
George Ritzer-McDonaldization
It describes the rise in the late twentieth century on rationalization of production, work and consumption to prominence. Adapted characteristics of the fast-food restaurants have been observed to create a ripple effect in efficiency, calculatability, control, standardization and even predictability characteristics to the broader societal aspects of life. There are four critical aspects of McDonaldization new social structure and order: Efficiency- managerial focus shortens time to spend on production and distribution in an organization, Calculatability- it focuses on counting things rather than quality evaluation in production and distribution, Standardization and predictability- Routine service delivery or production leads to consistency in output production, and Control focuses on having the employees behave the same or including use of robots and technology where applicable.
Douglas McGregor- Theory X and Theory Y
According to Aithal, (2016), the authoritarian, i.e. theory X and the perspective, i.e. theory Y, focus on the managerial aspect of what drives or motivate people to work. Theory X is used where managers find workers with less motivation and are said to present the managers as pessimistic. Tangible results are the basis of appraisals and remuneration. On the other hand, Theory Y managers are positive and optimistic. They are collaborative and have a trust-based relationship with workers hence motivating productivity.
Fredrick Herzberg- Hygiene Factors versus motivational factors
It is called the motivator-hygiene theory. Some job factors are said to bring satisfaction while others dissatisfaction in an organization. The essential factors for existence in a workplace bring motivation that leads to successful outcomes. They are maintenance factors, and their absence leads to dissatisfaction in workplace existence and productivity.
Elton Mayo-Human Relations Model
According to Medury (2020), these models approach is in the study of people’s behaviour at the workplace. Meaningful relationships socially and productivity are emphasized in this model. Quality relationships in the workplace play a great deal in quality productivity in the workplace. A concentration on people’s importance at their work gives them motivation to give their best in terms of creativity and outcomes. The human relations approach in the workplace has been significantly considered in modern social, economic progress.
References
Aithal, P. S., & Kumar, P. M. (2016). Comparative analysis of theory X, theory Y, theory Z, and Theory A for managing people and performance. International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education (IJSRME), ISSN (Online), 2455-5630.
Beetham, D. (2018). Max Weber and the theory of modern politics. John Wiley & Sons.
Medury, U. (2020). Unit-5 Human relations approach. IGNOU.