Accumulated metalloid

Accumulated metalloid

Accumulated metalloid in agricultural soil leads to plant stress, which is a subject of major concern to sustainable development. Metal pollutants are being received from different industries, domestic garbage dumps, agricultural waste, etc. in several ways. Scientists have been working tirelessly on this challenge to minimize the metal-accrued stress-impacts. When SA was exogenously applied to several crop plants exposed to Pb, Cd and Cu, it improved the growth, photosynthetic traits and modulated antioxidant system and reduced membrane lipid peroxidation in those plants (Sharma et al., 2020). SA also efficiently regulates the photosynthesis process and activates enzymes (Rubisco and carbonic anhydrase) under metal stress (Zhang et al., 2015). In Linum usitatissimum, SA increased tolerance to Cd by controlling H2O2 accumulation (Belkadhi et al., 2015). Further, it enhanced the activity of the sulfur assimilation pathway enzyme and eventually increased plant resistance to Ni. Exogenous SA also increased OsWRKY45 gene expression and its endogenous content, which protected membrane damage by lowering H2O2 accumulation in rice leaves (Chao et al., 2010). As well, SA could inhibit chlorosis caused in leaves by Fe-deficiency (Kong et al., 2014). Altogether, SA is potent phytohormone regulating the plant tolerance to metalloid stress, and advances of our understanding of SA will greatly enhance the genetic improvement of plants.

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