Women As Warriors
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY : WOMEN AS WARIORS
Stone, M. (1990). Ancient mirrors of womanhood: A treasury of goddess and heroine lore from around the world. Beacon Press.
Modern perception and power relations of women is biased as masculinity dominates many apsects of society therefore leading to gender inequality. Ancient goddess were worshiped and viewed as powerful deities as they had extraordinary qualities and abilities. The inequality of gender in terms of roles and recogntiion limit women by undermining their strength, influence and power. According to Stone (1990) explain how ancient Goddess played roles in nature, religious and social context as womanhood is a reflection of strength and independence. Godddess in this artcle are viewed as powerful and entities that are supernatural whereas modern women are powerful or influential when they are educated and wealthy. On page 236, author Stone contend that many religious institutions view the Godddess as the creator of everything. This artcle is important as it depict the strength of ancient women and how they are views supernatural figures. Sexism in society tend to influence negativity and sterotyping of women therefore affecting their socialization and progress (Etengoff & Lefevor, 2020). Today’s women look up to religious images like Godddess as role model regardless their few numbers. Romans to Eqyptians had goddesss whom depicted aspect of feminism, love ,lust, destruction, protection and many other sacred functions. Historically, there have been many are reclaimed positive images of make deity which shows that males have superiority superiority power over women. It is impertaive to state that the author further quotes biblical reference of Genesis 3:16 that is the ‘divine will ‘ for male to rule over females which explains that women have fewer social roles and respect in today’s society comapred to ancient times. The concept of womanhood has been regarded as secondary to manhood which explains that there is a social hierarchy that puts men above men. The Ancient Mirrors of Womanhood potrays how Goodess have extraordinary qualities and how positive images of women goddess have been worship abs praised. Todays society is different as women regardless educated, cultured or power still are viewed as secondary to mens. The fact is that women have superior qualities than men can never have but the societal norms as well as religious beliefs view women as second after men (Abendroth et al., 2017).
Dupuche, J. R. (2012). The goddess Kali and the Virgin Mary. Australian eJournal of Theology, 19(1), 1-15.
Social and religious interpretation of feminism expresses that women have substantive power and leadership roles. Modern women are more empowered compared to ancient times where men have authority over everything. Inequality in roles are spearheaded and facilitated by social norms, and biased masculinity that make women feel inferior in socio-political arenas.
In the artcle by Dupuche (2012) ‘ The goddess Kali and the Virgin Mary ‘ converse the boundless power of the Goddess Kali and how her beauty and significance empower women todays. In modern soceiety, there are powerful and iconic women who are role models to both genders therefore depicting prove that women have same or even more appeal and capabilities like men.The comparison of Kali and Virgin Mary is vividly explained by the author as he contend that religion tend to explain the unknown divinity and the power women tend to uphold in the world. In this content, Virgin Mary plays a major role of mother to Jesus Christ in this aspect she is the modern Kali. The hindu people view Godddes of Kali as representation of nature which is wild and untamed. It is also a fact that Kali is portrayed as the culmination of all that is strength and power. The importance of this artcle is to empower women and show them that they have significant roles in a masculine world in soceity (Pathak, 2019). However, women are mostly seen as loving, devoted in which Kali or Virgin Mary are both viewed as the ultimate mothers. Moreover, in the Catholic theology, Mary is viewed as an icon and empowerment to women. The influence both Goddess Kali and Mary to the society is immense as they are ideal woman and divinity.
The Key concepts are ;
- Women depict aspect of empowering and healing.
- Femininity and Masculinity complex
- Religious ideologies and beliefs embodying modern women.
- Hindu and Christianity perspective towards women
- Social norms vs religious ideologies
Question: Does social and gender inequalities contributed to undermining of women ‘ power’s in society? Should religious beliefs and societal norms hinder women to surpass men in leadership, development and other sectors?
References
Abendroth, A. K., Melzer, S., Kalev, A., & Tomaskovic-Devey, D. (2017). Women at work: Women’s access to power and the gender earnings gap. ILR Review, 70(1), 190-222.
Etengoff, C., & Lefevor, T. G. (2020). Sexual Prejudice, Sexism, and Religion. Current Opinion in Psychology.
Dupuche, J. R. (2012). The goddess Kali and the Virgin Mary. Australian eJournal of Theology, 19(1), 1-15.
Pathak, H. P. (2019, July). Hinduism and Women Religious Beliefs and Practices. In Proceedings of the 13th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (pp. 228-235). Scientia Moralitas Research Institute.
Stone, M. (1990). Ancient mirrors of womanhood: A treasury of goddess and heroine lore from around the world. Beacon Press.