Antibiotic Resistance Article Response
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Response 1
I strongly agree with Yeon Kyung Youn; it is true that when bacteria develop the ability to survive antibiotic exposure designed to stop their growth or are meant to kill them, they have developed resistance. DNA replication occurs in cells, and during this process, mutations can lead to resistance by bacteria to antibiotics. Some bacteria can transfer genetic material to others; this is called horizontal gene transfer, enabling bacteria to respond and adapt to environments by acquiring larger DNA sequences. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is present in human microbiota and gram-positive bacteria that have acquired resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by secreting PBP2a, a protein with the ability to avoid the inhibitory effects of antibiotics. There are some of the reasons these bacteria persist despite multiple antibiotic treatments.
Response 2
I concur with MacKenna Stapel, that bacteria often undergo mutations to survive against antibiotics. Mutations lead to the production of new DNA proteins that act as resistant tools for antibiotics. The new resistant protein can protect the bacteria by blocking antibiotic entry into the bacteria; some pump the antibiotic out of the bacteria, while others can carry out enzymatic reactions that destroy the antibiotic rather than the antibiotic destroying the bacteria. In some cases, the antibiotic target is modified, making the antibiotic irrelevant. Bacterial species can have distant transfers of DNA vertically or horizontally. This can be quite dangerous as it results in a huge bacterial resistant spread.