Van der Geest, V.R., Bijleveld, C.C., Blokland, A.A. and Nagin, D.S., 2016. The effects of incarceration on longitudinal trajectories of employment: A follow-up in high-risk youth from ages 23 to 32. Crime & Delinquency, 62(1), pp.107-140.
In the article, the authors address the adverse effects of imprisonment on the employment prospects of an individual. The source is a peer-reviewed article and outlines incarceration effects on future employment. It is a reliable source and provides relevant information on the impact of being convicted and how incarceration affects the offenders’ future employment opportunities.
Altice, F.L., Azbel, L., Stone, J., Brooks-Pollock, E., Smirnov, P., Dvorak, S., Taxman, F.S., El-Bassel, N., Martin, N.K., Booth, R., and StÖver, H., 2016. The perfect storm: incarceration and the high-risk environment is perpetuating transmission of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The Lancet, 388(10050), pp.1228-1248.
In the article, the authors outline the high levels of imprisonment have resulted from the primary injection of opioids. Most of the people who inject the drug are infected with tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV and are crowded in prisons. The source provides useful information relevant to the topic of the high incarceration rate and the associated problems such as the spread of overlapping epidemics in prisons through injections.
Mauer, M., 2017. Incarceration rates in an international perspective. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
The author of the article explores the broader societal factors that contribute to a state’s rate of imprisonment. Also, Mauer explores the policy initiatives that can be used to control crime, cultural values, and racial ambitions about crime. The source provides relevant and useful information to the causes of high imprisonment rates and methods of controlling crime.
Beckett, K., Knaphus, E., and Reosti, A., 2016. The end of mass incarceration? Mapping the contradictions of criminal justice policy and practice. Mapping the Contradictions of Criminal Justice Policy and Practice (January 12, 2016).
The authors explain the reasons behind high imprisonment rates despite a reduction in crime and the policies that can be used to reduce prison populations. The discretion of criminal justice actors is identified as a primary way of sustaining high incarceration rates. The information provided in the source is useful in identifying policy changes that can be used to curb the problem of high imprisonment rates.
Moore, R., 2017. The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Macat Library.
The contents of the book address the racial bias that exists in the American prison system. The author discusses the problem of racial segregation, where races are not treated equally under the law. The author reveals that most of the inmates in many prisons are African-American men who are a primary target by the police and receive long sentencing for their crimes. The source provides reliable information on the topic of high incarceration rates and associated problems.