Case Study Analysis
Neurological and Musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes
The patient had suffered from dysarthria. The disease condition is a motor speech disorder that paralyzes, damages, and weakens the muscles used to produce speech. The sudden onset of the difficulty in breathing was due to potential harm, weakening, or paralyzed muscles utilized in the production of speech. Dysarthria reduces the ability of its patient to control his or her tongue, vocal cords, larynx, and the surrounding tissues, and this poses a challenge for an individual to pronounce and form words (Defazio et al.,2016). Thus, the individual with the condition has a neurological impairment that weakens the speech muscles. The apraxia influences an individual’s ability to produce speech due to the damage of part of the brain responsible for the planning of the speech.
Moreover, the weakening of the various body parts, such as the left hand was a result of the physiological response to loading. The body tissues attempted to resist external loading. In the case, the biomechanical forces were high and this evoked direct injury to the tissues, weakening the arm and the difficulty standing, Also, the difficulty in standing and inability to lift the left hand resulted from the causes of dysarthria that includes the nervous or neurological disorders such as the injury to the brain, tumors, stroke and this resulted in partial paralysis or throat muscle weaknesses. The inability to stand or raise the left hand was due to the partial paralysis, and that is the reason the right arm and left hand had full strength while the left side got weakened. The patient got partially paralyzed.
Racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning
The racial/ethnic variables have a significant impact on physiological functioning. Even though there are established advances in the treatment and diagnosis of chronic diseases, there is evidence that racial and ethnic minorities tend to get lower quality care than non-minorities. Also, the patients of the non-minority ethnicity often experience more considerable morbidity and mortality from various chronic diseases that the majority groups (Lackland, 2014). The racial variables, such as the intake of salt, can impact high blood pressure. The salt intake affects blood pressure in most populations. The racial differences in the intake and the handling of sodium and potassium result in high blood pressure. For instance, the exposure to the same salt sensitivity between the African American and the Caucasian women results in the different magnitude of the blood pressure (Lackland, 2014). Moreover, the mortalities from the stroke are also more rampant among African Americans than whites. The high blood pressure among African Americans is associated with the high rates of stroke, end-stage renal disease, and also the congestive heart failures.
How the processes interact to affect the patient?
The history of hypertension/high blood pressures has a significant relationship with stroke among people of color. The patient suffered paralysis that affected his left side of the body, and this potentially resulted from the stroke. The condition resulted in the development of the dysarthria, a disorder that influences individual speech as it results in the damage and weakening of the speech muscles (Lackland, 2014). Thus, through paralysis due to stroke, the patient developed the dysarthria condition that influenced his speech. Also, the history of hypertension could have resulted in the paralysis, affecting the brain and, thus, the malfunctioning of the left side of his body.
References
G., Guerrieri, M., Liuzzi, D., Gigante, A. F., & Di Nicola, V. (2016). Assessment of voice and speech symptoms in early Parkinson’s disease by the Robertson dysarthria profile. Neurological Sciences, 37(3), 443-449.
Harrell, J. P., Hall, S., & Taliaferro, J. (2003). Physiological responses to racism and discrimination: An assessment of the evidence. American journal of public health, 93(2), 243-248.
Lackland, D. T. (2014). Racial differences in hypertension: implications for high blood pressure management. The American journal of the medical sciences, 348(2), 135-138.