Chapter 29 pt. 2
Question 1
Futurism manifesto is a manifesto which was written by Italian poet Fillipo Tommaso and was published in 1090. Through the manifesto, he presented the artistic philosophy named futurism, which served as a rejection of the past and celebrated speed, violence, industry, and machinery. An example is where it advocated for modernization and cultural rejuvenation of that nation. The manifesto of Futurist acts as an ideological basin which gave a platform of a new world and new art.
Question 2
Dada is said to have been more of a mindset and attitude than a single identifiable style. This statement means that Dadaists believed in the enlightened reasoning, which generated global devastation, and mostly they would turn away from the logic favoring the irrational. The cornerstone of dada is the element of absurdity, which is a reflection of the movement’s name. DaDa does not follow any specific type of format, but it only depends on someone’s mindset and attitudes. An example of DaDa is the LHOOQ, which is irreverence on traditional art.
Question 3
Armory show was important because it introduced Americans accustomed to realist art to radical practices of leading European Avant gard proponents. The exhibition led to empowering the younger generation and leading them in experimenting more for the sake of artistic autonomy and the creation of pictorial language. It generated astonished Americans who were highly customized to the realistic art and experimental styles of European Avant-garde. On the other hand, some people wanted the show to end because it did not go as planned. This is because most of the attention of the show went to the Europeans, where most of the foreigners grabbed the spotlights. Further, the show was considered as a menace of public morality since it promotes racial discrimination where the Europeans where they got the attention of the show. Still during the show.
Question 4
Frank Lloyd Wright gave a different idea about architecture. He states that any building must appear to be going easily from its site, which is shaped for harmonizing with the surrounding in the case where nature manifests itself. He further states that no house should ever be built on a hill, but it should belong to the mountain where the house and the hill live together, making each other happy. Additionally, he says a suitable building is the one which does not hurt the landscape; instead, it is the one which makes the landscape to be beautiful than before. He adds that every architecture is a great poet who should be his original interpreter of his time, age, and day. Still, an architect is a prophet in the true sense of the term prophet, where if he does not set the art in the next ten years then he should never call himself an architect just like him where he was always ahead of time with his vision and missions. An example of these ideas is Kentucky Knob, which is mostly termed as the Hagan House, which is a residence whose design is based on the module system, and the building and the environment exist together.
Question 5
The Chrysler Building is one of the leading examples of Art Deco architecture. Through the use of Art Deco style, the Chrysler Building is characterized by thin and long forms that have a geometric patterning and curved surfaces. The building is iconic, modern, and beautiful. It uses Art Deco style, making it one of the most spectacular buildings in New York. It entails vibrant color, bold geometry as well as a very decadent detailed work, which are features of Art Deco.
Question 6
Chapter 29 part 3
Question 1
Surrealism is an art movement that began in Europe in the 1920s after World War 1, and it had its nucleus in Paris. It stems out of the Dada movement even though Surrealism is less violent and based on more artistic. It is said to be the first work of poets and writers. It was insp9red by a painting of Giorgio de Chirico, which involves capturing street location using hallucinatory quality. After 1917 Giorgio abandoned the style, but their influence reached surrealists through Max Ernst. The German Dadaists moved to Paris after the termination of the Dada movement, which was a crucial moment for starting Surrealism triggered by his collage work during that time.
Surrealism is interpreted as the principles and ideas of the production of fantastic and incongruous imagery in art and films through the use of unnatural and irrational juxtapositions. An example artist in the Surrealism is Max Ernst where he had an exhibition called “beyond painting which served as his notable success with the collages. Another artist was Pablo Picasso, who is a Spanish whose paintings are termed as his blue period. They entailed painting of poor and suffering people like old guitarists.
Question 2
Piet Mondrian is a critical leader in development of modern abstract art through the Dutch art movement. He began painting realistic scenes where he majorly focused on drawing trees and was well-recognized painters and theoreticians of the 20th century. He is known for his paint of the gray tree.
Constantine Brancusi belonged to the modernism art movement. He mostly used marble, limestone as well as bronze and wood, where he did individual expressions through carving, which placed him as the leading Avant-garde artists.
Henry Moore is known for his abstract bronze art, for his drawings and graphics.
Barbara Hepworth is known for his art where he existed in modern art and abstract art, but he is mostly known for sculpture.
Question 3
Bauhaus is a German art school that operated from 1919 up to 1933, which made a combination of craft and fine arts. It later turned to be one of the most influential currents of modern designs. It was important since its color palette, which was influenced by simple geometric shapes, led to unique loos of the Bauhaus style.
Question 4
International style is an architectural style that was established in the 1920s and is greatly related to modern architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright, in designing their homes, was influenced by arts and crafts movements, which ended up revolving around the natural materials and some industrial aspects. On the other hand, Le Corbusier art was more of a function, and non-ornamented houses resembling factory buildings.
Question 5
Edward Hopper did oil painting, where he was watercolorists and a printmaker in etching. G. Wood does outdoor at wildlife and fishing and hunting arts. F. Kahlo is known for her portraits and self-portraits, which are inspired by nature and artifacts of Mexico.
Chapter 30 pt.1
Question 1
After the 1st world war, arts started focusing more on savage brutality to emerge from the forces. In Germany, former soldiers committed themselves to portray the true nature of war through a movement called Neue Sachlichkeit; they presented a savage, dark, and destructive experience. Dada’s movement was not founded on the idea of WW1 was as a result of emphasizing on reasons and logics over humanity and emotions (Everrete). Thus they rejected any sense of reason. This movement is characterized by irrationality and absurdity, devotion to artistic and political anarchy, and inherently distrustful of traditions. After the Second World War, the attention shifted to New York and the United States as they became the center of arts. Artists were focusing more on formalism and emphasized on the visual elements and not the subject.
Question 2
Abstract expressionism was more different than the Neue Sachlichkeit because the paintings have various wide characteristics that are generally abstract; that is, the types depicted are not drowned from the visual world. They focus more on autonomous, free, emotional, and practice significant freedom of practice and execution to achieve these aims. There is specific attention placed on the utilization of the different physical thesaurus of paint to manifest expressive attribute, for example, violence, lyricism, and dynamism (Everette). Expressionists such as Arshile Gorky painted implicative biomorphic shapes applying a tactfully linear, employment of liquid and free paint. Hans Hofmann referred from dynamic and powerfully structured brushwork in epitome but ordinarily created works. Another critical influence of abstract expressionism was the American shores delivery by a surrealist host and various significant European avant-garde artists when fleeing Nazi-dominated Europe. This art is characterized but two distinct features; Action painters and color field painters.
Question 3
The social, political reasons that were behind Pop art are still being realized today. It was postulated that the art would go beyond arts and extend to the field of the business world, thus continually transforming cultures to a greater artistic spectacle effortlessly trying to grapple with the apparent an actuality of capitalism (Everette). Pop art subject matter also focuses on mass media, advertisement, billboards comic strips movie personalities, and televisions. These matters are more sociopolitical than artistic. For Example, Lichtenstein, a masterpiece by Kissick was meant to influence postmodernist tendency towards appropriation.
Question 4
Hard-edge painters combine the intense hues of color field painting and the clear imagery of geometric abstraction. They depersonalize their compositions in the interest of prioritizing formal elements, which include; shape, line, and color. They focus less on less essential elements like emotionalism and spiritualism (Everette). Hard-edge painters are more interested in structure and design. On the other hand, color theory refers to a body of principles that gives guidelines on the relationships between color and the physiological effects of particular combinations of colors. Frank Stella, in the example of her work, the marriage of reasons and squalor incorporated symmetrical series styles marked by a grand simplicity design.
Question 5
Frankenthaler developed her style of abstract expressionist by inventing the soak-stain technique; an example of her work is a canyon where the landscape topography features acted as an inspiration for her abstract imagery (Everrete). Kelly’s unique style of art was camouflage. An example of his work is, cite; where he aimed at reducing the artist’s influence, emotions, and marks of an individual. Louis adopted fashionable Greco-Roman style and combined antique subjects with enlightenment philosophy to form moral exemplars. An example of his work is the oath of the horatii, which depicts an early roman history narrative.
Tony Smith was friendly with the abstract expressionist in New York in the 1950s. His work has no traces of the febrile spontaneity of Jackson Pollock, for example. Smith was initially an architect, and his painting was more similar to the measured, systematic composition of concrete Art of Europe. IN early 1960 he turned into monolithic, system based sculpture and occupied some awkward positions within the burgeoning minimalist collective. His paintings and constructions embody a mesmeric, cosmic growth process. An example of his works is Stamos’s house built in an idea that he would return to in later sculptural work and for the abstract expressionist. Louise Nevelson did everything in her power to keep her art in production (Everrete) simply. In her first exhibition, it featured many sculptures made from various like plaster, terracotta, bronze, and wood. These sculptures portrayed her love for objects trouves. She extracted important inspiration from cubism and various abstract movements. She translated them into massive free-standing wall sculptures which made her work distinct an example of her work is painted wood
Chapter 30 p.t 2
Question 1
An example of the postmodernist building is Vanna Venturi House of the USA, whose design entails a pitched roof, a finished ground floor as well as ornamental arc; hence it is made of hybrid instead of pure.
The Portland Building in Portland is seen to be architecturally groundbreaking, which is a 15 story high and still looks so classic.
Question 2
The contemporary form of performance art is the description of hybrid performances works and the artists who are traveling between different fields like experiences dances, as well as music composition and video art.
Question 3
Andy Goldsworthy’s work of art includes the storm king wall, which had the English agricultural tradition to build stone walls for delineating territories. In contrast, icicle star is, which is such an impressive delicacy that had high levels of ability and skills for creating. To adapt to temperatures, it motivated the artist to make the building in short times.
Question 4
Aaron Campbell is an illustrator and a designer who is based in Vancouver when he first lad his hands-on Photoshop in 2007. Since then, the artist, since up to him, spends most of the time filling his brilliant portfolio through the use of digital paintings and other manipulating photos and the creation of abstract art.