Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning
Behaviorism refers to learning through the development of new behaviors or changes that are a result of the association between the stimuli and the response. From his experiment involving dogs, Pavlov established that learning takes place based on the way that one perceived the environment, the interpretation of the stimuli, and the way they interact with them. During the experiments, dogs used for the study started salivating the moment the person that fed them entered the room. This is because of their association of the person with the meat powder, thus causing the response through salivating.
For cognitivism, learning takes place through the internal processing of information. From the Darwinism theory conducted to determine the relationship between the animal and human memory, it was realized that animals like rat and ape had similar behaviors including simple form of learning, categorization, and memory. Learning in animals was illustrated when the cat presented a mice to the kittens to learn on how to eat. These kittens were able to learn how to stalk and kill the mice by themselves. Animals learn to eat without any teachings, just like human beings.
Constructivism learning is based on the idea that people learn based on the constructed perspective of world based on the individuals experience and internal knowledge. In an experiment to find the difference between when a child is independently working and when working with more competent person, Vygotsky suggested that the environment of learning should always involve guided interactions to allow the child to reflect on the change and inconsistency if their conception through communication. The interpretation of phenomenon is different from the scientific explanation among children. Generally, human being are created problem solvers. Therefore, children tend to use their prior knowledge to understand sense of the phenomenon that faces them.