Contribution to American Policing Made By English And French
English system has influenced American policing heavily throughout the years as well as the French system. In the early time in America, the responsibility of keeping law and order in the community belonged to the citizens. As they had groups of volunteers, consisting of men who provided security to the community. This resembled the English system whereby they had “kin police” watching over their relatives and kin, which later developed into sheriff and a more orderly police force that is adopted by the Americans. In the case of France, they provided armament, money, troops, and military support to America.
Contributions to American policing made by English.
There is Crime control prevention mission which is a strategy of preventive patrol and semi-military organizational design of the first modern police department (Crawford,2016). There was also limitation on police authority put in place to regulate police power on the citizens. A decentralized system of authority too was in America police that controlled different levels.
Contribution to America policing made by French
They majorly contributed to the support of America policing through the provision of money and military troops and armaments. This played a major role in policing as police officers needed to be armed for safety and have thorough training.
Impact on policing of legal and social customs in the United States before the civil war
There was dominant presence of slaves, slave patrols and slave codes passed during this time to control and regulate the behavior of the population of bondsman. Urbanization too developed due to existence of Night watch, sheriff and constable that were enhanced to curb problems of social order that could come up (Pedersen, 2018). There was also appointment of federal marshals who suppressed rebellious behavior and insurrection among people (Houdmont, 2019).
Impact on policing of legal and social customs in the United States following the Civil War.
Racism and discrimination came up as blacks were not allowed to present their testimonies in court and voting was restricted to whites alone. There was also Black codes, which were new laws specifically set aside to spell the responsibility and rights of newly freed slaves though the blacks did not enjoy any freedom of expression.
Effect on the current state of American policing and the citizens they serve.
There is discipline among the citizens due to the strong police presence in their community. There is also easy identification of police by the citizens as the police currently have uniforms and badges that distinguish them from civilians.
Conclusion
The French and English greatly contributed to the American policing. This greatly changed their system of policing from their previous ways to the new system. The French provided them with money to purchase armaments and train their military troop whereas from the English they borrowed some of their methods in policing and applied, for example, the limitation on police authority that they previously did not have (Turner, 2019). These had a great impact on American policing. For instance, the appointment of federal marshals to enhance the control and protection among others.
References
Crawford, A. (2016). The English and Welsh Experiment in Democratic Governance of Policing through Police and Crime Commissioners: A misconceived venture or a good idea, badly implemented?. In Comparing the Democratic Governance of Police Intelligence. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Houdmont, J., Elliott-Davies, M., & Donnelly, J. (2019). Single crewing in English and Welsh policing: frequency and associations with violence towards and injuries in officers. Policing and Society, 29(7), 820-833.
Pedersen, S. (2018). Daniel Brückenhaus. Policing Transnational Protest: Liberal Imperialism and the Surveillance of Anticolonialists in Europe, 1905–1945.
Turner, F. W., & Fox, B. H. (2019). Public servants or police soldiers? An analysis of opinions on the militarization of policing from police executives, law enforcement, and members of the 114th Congress US House of Representatives. Police practice and research, 20(2), 122-138.