Differences Of Perception Value Between Male
Differences Of Perception Value Between Male And Female
Introduction
One scholar, Aman Sharma, defined Perception as the interpretation of the present stimulus based on past experiences (Aman, 2019). We can acknowledge things based on whether we have been exposed to them before. The question would be from what angle, are we defining Perception. A blind man or woman playing the piano is a clear definition that Perception is considered to be the way we interpret and process sensory information. Male and female distinctively differ in their anatomy, physical appearance, the mass of their muscle, the percentage of body fat, and even the structure of their pelvis. The physical structure is an obvious topic; instead, let us explore for knowledge about the brain of a male and a female that raises eyebrows whenever mentioned in the science and psychological world. This paper aims to find out if there is a difference in the Perception of value between male and a female. In trying to answer this question, we will be guided by more refined questions whether there are a female and a male brain difference and Perception difference between female and male.
Argument One [Male and Female brain]
Our First argument will be to explore if there is a brain difference between males and females. Many great scholars have found themselves on the spot on whether there is a male and female brain. Former conducted studies such as neuroimaging studies that study different regions of the brain regrettably failed with contradicting results. A more technologically advanced study was conducted using deep learning, using records from the diffusion MRI database. The study involved 490 males and 575 females. Most studies use 2-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNN), but this study used three dimensional CNN. The accuracy of 2dimensional CNN is 78.2%, while 3D CNN is 93.3% accurate. The 3D CNN confirmed the gender differences exist in some brain regions; machine learning is believed to hold the key to unveiling as whether the structure of the brain is different based on gender(Shiino, A., Chen, Y. W., Tanigaki, K., Yamada, A., Vigers, P., Watanabe, T., … & Akiguchi, I, 2017).
A human mental function such as Perception, memory, and emotion differs in males and females due to their gender difference (Cahill, 2006). Cosgrove believes that the functional differences in how male and female differ in solving problems, making decisions, recognize faces and sense emotions, is influenced by the difference in the structure of their brains(Cosgrove, K. P., Mazure, C. M., & Staley, J. K, 2007). When the 3D pulse-coupled Neural Networks (PCNN) revealed the result of the brain structure, it was found that voxel value showed 25 features that were different between men and women. Higher entropy is seen also indicated extra complex features in men than women. The study concluded that differences exist across the brain, especially the gray and white matters.
Counter-argument and rebuttal
Having known that differences exist between men and women, their Perception has to be different as well. Recent exploration Women are keen to details than men. A Ph.D. professor in physiological psychology, Gina Rippon‘s views differ with the deep learning research and results. Rippon calls the act of trying to name a brain-based on sex alone neurofoolishness. She claimed that naming a brain female or male does not make it homogenous in the characteristic example, and it does not mean that all males have the same preference, personality, and amplitude. Rippon suggests that dwelling on the matter of sexing a brain to be a dangerous path and will lead to diminishing one gender over the other. The brain is molded since birth and develops and grows with every day accumulating experience based on the environment that you are exposed to. Rippon believes that the neural paths can become automatic if exposed to the environment repeatedly, whether female or male. In Rippon’s argument, she claims that the brain picks growth characteristics from the social environment we are in; she claims the brain makes its own rules but picks the rules from society. The brain should be looked at unisex that can learn and pick up different abilities and achievements and behavior regardless of gender. Rippon diffuses using neural imaging technology to decide the sex of a brain since the brain reflects the lives we have lived, not the gender (Genevieve, 2019).
Argument Two [Perception between Male and Female]
What exactly influences the Perception of male and female, and what creates the difference. Whether it is the brain structure of the male or the female brain or perhaps the experiences they have been exposed to. We look at the study conducted of university students with both equal rights to the university education and that are being exposed to the same attributes of higher education. To study how both males and females perceive the education and Perception they have on becoming entrepreneurs, open firms, and take on leadership positions in society after the university studies. The concern of gender imbalance in Europe’s entrepreneurs could give us leads to finding out the driving force of female and male Perception (Herrington &Penny 2017). According to Sanchez, education not only expands the individual’s Perception but provides knowledge to develop ideas that can lead to business entrepreneurship (Sánchez, 2011). History had favored the male for success in the business world and favored males for leadership positions while ignoring females. Wilsons’ study of female and male autonomy concluded that business is a male believed to be dominated area. University entrepreneurial higher education is bridging the gap between the male and female entrepreneurs, seeing more females courageously starting business startups and succeed in (Lazanyi, 2014b). Therefore the Perception of the female depended on the empowerment of university education. How each gender thinks and perceives things can be as a result of the empowerment, the individuals have been exposed. The difference is seen only when there is a comparison to be made.
Counter-argument and rebuttal
In all the perceptions encountered in literature, the men are heroes, but what matters most is an investment, which is an essential aspect of livelihood. According to the Guardian, in the economic and financial field mostly dominated by men, women are better investors than men. The reason men are not right investors is that they are short-sighted, they focus on buying the trend; this is contributed by their vulnerability in emotion. A study by the University of Warwick displayed the difference between the male and female who traded funds and shares using the Barclays smart investor service resulted in the men made only 0.14% in annual returns. Still, their counterparts, the females, earned 1.94% in average annual returns and excelled at the FTSE (University of Warwick, 2018). Assuming that each subject male and female both invested 100 euros per month, the yields after twenty years would be eighteen thousand for male subjects and twenty-eight thousand euros for the female issues. This is a clear indication that female subjects are better in the financial field than men. Male subjects will hold on to shares that have submerged, but Female subjects will sell get their money back or make a small profit. Stewart, a business professor at Warwick, suggested that men invest in speculative stocks while females invest in stocks with a track record, which is considered a smart move (theGuardian, 2020).
Argument Three (Equality Between Male and Female)
What is the Perception of equality between males and females within society? The dark age of the old Perception of the female staying home and doing house chores and economically getting deprived is gone. In today’s world, women are independent thinkers. They make their own independent decisions; women are more empowered now and can encounter their male counterparts in all disciplines. Recently it has been noted that female subjects are exploring into fields previously dominated by male subjects. Equality in terms of jobs disbursement is encouraged improving but the wages are still areas to improve, women are getting way less than men across the equilibrium of the economic world. Female subjects feel deprived of equal rights and protection as those of male subjects. According to the chief operating officer of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg, sadly, top positions in any field is a no go zone for the female subject. Only female subjects are not reaching the ultimate peak of their careers. Accurate figures of research can be achieved if all sectors contributing to the economy are considered. Studies show that less than ten million female subjects own business compared to male subjects. The informal sector is dominant in all economies of the world; 80 % of Asian female and male work in the informal sector while in sub-Saharan Africa, 74% of female subjects and 61% of male subjects work in the informal sector. 40% of the formal sector worldwide is occupied by female subjects.
Female subjects not being able to reach the highest positions, such as heads of states, are indescribable. Only seven females get to be elected to be heads of countries out of 150. And only 11 out of 192 are elected as head of government. Private sectors are accommodating female subjects to be on the board of directors but still are not equally represented. The female subjects which make it to the corporate top are either from huge business dynasties or families who represent, who is who in the world. It is noted that 23 of the 500 largest corporations only have female subjects as chief executives who account for 4.6% of the industry. The wages many employment agencies can testify about the inequality between female subjects and male subjects. 80% of the female subjects, aged between 30-39% face salary cuts when they become mothers or parents. Graduates from Harvard University conducted a study where they found that female subjects earned $90,000 per year, and male counterparts earned 162,500 per year. Due to the unequal representation of females to males in all essential life aspects, this has negative influences on the Perception of females compared to males on equality. The females have a negative perception of being equally represented in economic and legislative matters. The females are feeling the inequality pressure but are working hard to close the gap. Apart from opportunities of being elected to run a government and maybe becoming heads of state. The women need to create their possibilities so that they can equal the male. They need to get into entrepreneurship and start firms and corporations; it is the only way they will be able to break the glass ceiling, which holds women from occupying top jobs.
Conclusion
Perception is the interpretation of the present stimulus based on past experiences. Our Perception dramatically depends on our exposure to our environment, which helps the brain interpret and processes sensory information. There are anatomic differences between female and male, physical appearance, the mass of their muscle, the percentage of body fat, and even the structure of their pelvis. The question as to ask is whether there is a female brain and a male brain, we have some regions of the mind of females that are different than those of males. The functional differences are the way females, and males solve problems and make decisions. 3D-coupled neural networks (PCNN) revealed 25 features that indicate the gaps In the female and male brain. Significant differences occur in the grey and white matter. Perception can be improved based on exposure when a female is exposed to the university and studies just as the male does. The differences would be small, maybe in decision making. Females that have attended university are more confident to start a business and become entrepreneurs. Given fair short female subjects can outsmart male subjects as we saw in the investment example, where female subjects make smart investments than male subjects. Males can control their emotions better than women. The figures show a slight improvement in the involvement of women in the financial world, though there is a lot of development to be done, the graph I on a steady inclining. The females feel that they should be treated equally and given opportunities just as males are given opportunities.
References
Aman Sharman. (2019).” Perception’ means an awareness of something, whether one’s own thoughts and feelings, one’s social surroundings, a business opportunity, the way to solve a math problem, or the current spatial layout. ” [Online].< https://www.psychologydiscussion.net/perception/perception-meaning-definition-principles-and-factors-affecting-in-perception/634> accessed in May 2020.
Alyssa Bianca Velasco, Zaldy S. Tan. (2014). “Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Brain and Neurological Health” <https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/perception> accessed in May 2020.
Shiino, A., Chen, Y. W., Tanigaki, K., Yamada, A., Vigers, P., Watanabe, T., … & Akiguchi, I. (2017). The sex-related difference in human white matter volumes studied: Inspection of the corpus callosum and other white matter by VBM. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-7.
Cahill, L. (2006). Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nature reviews neuroscience, 7(6), 477-484.
Cosgrove, K. P., Mazure, C. M., & Staley, J. K. (2007). Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry. Biological psychiatry, 62(8), 847-855.
Jiang Xin, Yaoxue Zhang, Yan Tang, Yua Yang, (2019).”Brain Differences between men and women: Evidence from Deep Learn”. <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.00185/full> accessed: May 2020.
Genevieve Fox (2019). “meet the neuroscientist shattering the myth of the gendered brain.” Retrieved from: <https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/feb/24/meet-the-neuroscientist-shattering-the-myth-of-the-gendered-brain-gina-rippon> accessed in May 2020.
Herrington, M., & Penny, K. (2017). “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Global Report 2016/2017”. < https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=49812 > Accessed May 2020.
Sánchez, J. C. (2011). “University training for entrepreneurial competencies: Its impact on intention of venture creation.” International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 239-254. < https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0156-x > Accessed May 2020.
Lazányi, K. (2014b). Entrepreneurial skills and competencies of students at Óbuda University. On-line Journal Modelling New Europe, (10), 17
The University of Warwick. (2018). “Women Are Better Investors Than Men.” <https://www.wbs.ac.uk/news/are-women-better-investors-than-men/> accessed in May 2020.
theGuardian. (2018)”Truth be told: women do it better than men.” <https://www.theguardian.com/money/2018/nov/24/the-truth-about-investing-women-do-it-better-than-men> Accessed in May 2020.
theGuardian. (2018)”Women are better today: But far from being equal.” <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/sep/29/women-better-off-far-from-equal-men> Accessed in May 2020.