Emerging powers
Outline
- Introduction
Concept of emerging states
Examples of emerging states
Characteristics of emerging states
- Emergence and rise of BRICS
- influence of emerging states in international affairs
Brisk into the global political system
The economic leverage of BRICS
Power projection of BRICS
- benefits of emerging powers
- challenges faced by emerging powers
- conclusion
Introduction
Emerging powers comprises of powerful states and rising states. These rising powers are bringing a dynamic change in the international system. They are strengthening their capabilities by building political bonds. These powers come together through a regional organization and can transition the global order. For states to be recognized as emerging and rising powers, they must show tremendous growth in economic, political, and strategic status. These countries must have been previously categorized as the third world but are now showing this advancement with time. Emerging powers are states perceived to head for international excellent power status. They aspire to have a dominant position in matters relating to international relations. These states possess excellent levels of development and have sufficient resources to ensure the goals set are achievable.
Example of emerging powers
Several states are considered as emerging powers. These are Brazil, China, EU, India, Mexico, Russia. However, there has been no exact definition of what an emerging power constitutes. These add the following countries to the list of emerging powers. Argentina, Australia, Columbia, Iran, New Zealand, Nigeria, Poland, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.
Characteristics of emerging states.
Emerging powers must pose an excellent emerging economy. Means the country must be economical well developed so that it can translate to growth in the political and military capabilities. The state must have the potential to increase their global influence. The country must show tremendous improvement in achieving the seven dimensions of power. These dimensions are; economy, military, diplomacy, geography, national identity, and population.
Rise of BRICS
The idea of emerging power is attributed to BRICS. These involve Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa later joined the merging forces, and the union was referred to as BRICS. Membership comprises of levels of power. These are measured through their economy and economy developments, the population, and the military as well.
influence of emerging states in international affairs
BRIC has changed the global order towards achieving a hegemonic power. They have changed the dynamic in the cultural economic and political structure. BRIC power is attributed to its economic growth and the size of the population and land. BRISK has a population equating to 40% of the total population on earth and comprise of ¼ of the world land. BRIC is a significant player in the global economy. The total contribution of the states to the world’s GDP combined sums to 36.6%. It has also increased the share of global output. The impact of BRISK has become paramount in shaping the global political system.
BRISK into the global political system
The world has made tremendous changes in terms of development. There is fast technology that has enhanced communication. Laws that previously restricted economic trade has changed emerging powers have changed the global political system and made changes in the foreign policy. According to McGrew, the world is approaching a new era through the regionalization of the world’s economy and the rising of new axes of conflicts and alignment. The world is no longer a unipolar power since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the united states losing the hegemony power. There are other actors in international affairs such as China and Europe. The global political system has changed since the emergence of BRICS. Their strength and influence reason being is highly recognizable. (Boege, (2008).)
Their influence in the global political system is attributed to a substantial cultural diversity, economic inequality, and conflict of interest between the states that called the shots in industrialization and the emerging economies. The reconstruction of the world’s governance should engage the state of G20. There is tension after the emergence of BRICS since each country wants to achieve the upper position. (Nordenstreng, (2015). )
The economic leverage of brisk
Aside from the organization for industrial corporation and development, Brisk countries form the four largest economies. BRISK is the only economy with an annual GDP of over $1 trillion. During the great recession, these states sustained better growth, and with them, the world output would have fallen even worse. BRICS have increased their trade with one another. China has increased innovations making them best in producing industrializing materials in the eastern continents. BRICS countries have a considerable share in the foreign exchange reserves. BRICS countries are among the top 10 in the world, with the largest reserves amounting to 40% of what is contributed by the entire globe. BRIC followers japan in being the most significant net creditor. (Vijayakumar, (2010).)
BRIC is financial power since they are provided with cushions to help them during the great recession. These make states that are struggling with economic growth and jobs to move to BRIC areas. When the e1’conomies grow, the money is invested in BRIC are to build in areas of infrastructure, telecommunications, and the transport system according to Golden Sachs he projects BRIC to be the most significant power comes 2050. He expects the BRIC economy to overtake that of the US come 2027. Experts in international relations argue that the economic growth of BRIC countries leads to a decline in the western world. The growth GDP of BRIC will, in turn, lead to more savings, making them expand their markets for consumers and industrial services. will lead to more business and investment opportunities soon. (Mominx, . (2015).)
BRIC power projection
BRICS countries are an organization’s major annual meetings and discussing issues relating to the international market agenda. They also have an active role in G20. These emerging powers, for example, China, are using soft power to attract allies. The aim is to influence other regions across the globe. The same strategy was applied in the US. China has created over 2000 schools to promote the Chinese language. It also helped trough Technical Corporation to promote and protect its population. The union contributes by building school and hospitals in developing countries and BRIC regions. These countries have an increased middle-class citizen, which means in some decades, the number of the upper-class community will increase tremendously. it will result in more job creations, improved market performance increase traveling around the world, thus projecting their soft power (Woods, (2008).)
Benefits of BRICS
Developing nation’s faces many challenges of food security and health. for the countries to benefit, a coordinated effort is necessary.42%of the world population are from BRICS states hence they come together toward providing a short and long term solution to these pressing issues. BRICS improve the market’s access to the developing countries and removing barriers of trade to enhance the global market economies. They engage in forums such as world food security and has embraced the outcome of food and agricultural organization (FAO). The countries are committed to building a sustainable health plan to help in the fight against infectious disease. The states have made progress towards poverty alleviation and made progress towards achieving food security. (Mirelman, (2014).)
BRICS has changed the view of emerging markets and has significantly attracted many investors. BRICS states competitive in the global arena. They have also brought leverage to members that assumed global responsibility. Emerging powers advocate for negotiations and a stake in the worldwide agreement. They have promoted and defended human rights.
Challenges faced by BRICS
BRICS have made a tremendous effort to compete in the global arena. However, they face several challenges that slow down their level of competitiveness. Terrorism is termed as the significant challenge facing the BRICS. Terrorism poses a threat not only to these countries but to the global economy as well. Massive investment is given to the military to ensure they can combat any threats posed by terrorism. They instill fear and can delay economic growth and development. (Zhao, (2015).)
Over the years, BRICS have experienced inequality in assets and income. Economic growth is majorly witnessed in high income earning households. Here is a gap in access to essential services such as schools and hospitals, leading to inequality among its populations. They are other critical drivers of difference, such as class and gender. Many BRICS countries have tried to advocate for equality of gender, but India has not fully absorbed this concept. Providing different types of services to different sections of the population becomes a significant challenge for these countries.
These inequality levels bring rise to political tensions. These tensions are bad for the country’s economic and regional development hence needs to be addressed, and measures are taken to curb the inequalities. The BRICS should include in their agenda ways o address the socio-economic disparities the member’s states are facing. Addresses of the issue lack in the BRICS agenda. There is a need for BRICS to provide global political leadership to address the challenges faced by BRICS member states. (Laidi, (2012).)
Conclusion
In summary, times are changing, and the positions in the world are becoming complex and unpredictable. There has been a tremendous change in globalization and the internet.BRICS have adopted strategies that make them an emerging power. These are through leadership, where they show god leadership attributes and influence. They seek region organizing among all the states. They look fr the opportunity to invest and develop and explore region mobilizing. Through the increased investment and diverse source of skilled labor and significant innovations and technology, BRICS portrays a potential o challenge the G7 over the coming years. However, the BRICS are faced with several problems that can jeopardize their competitiveness level. Among the threat faced is terrorism. However, BRICS countries are emerging, and their input is noticed in the global economic, political, and financial arena. The states have rapid economic growths and have massive innovations. They have excellent leadership capabilities having almost half of the world’s population. They have shown tremendous leadership roles in the global economy and their respective countries as well. They have responded to issues facing their countries, such as meeting to HIV and TB control. They also have increased their military capabilities to help them fight any internal and external threats that might be possessed by terrorism. They have increased their capital flow, and their economies are growing fast, giving them a chance in the global arena and a title of emerging powers.
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