END OF TERM 1 2020 EXAM

 

 

 

 

 

END OF TERM 1 2020 EXAM

 

 

 

JOAN KISHA

ADMISSION 9450

 

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY MODULE III/JAN/2020

BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 

 

 

 

 

 

P.C. KINYANJUI TECHNICAL TRAINING INSTITUTE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. a)
2. Work-study analyzes the performance of project equipment and labor from time to time and compares the output with the standard rated output.
3. Method study is a technique of observing, recording, and critically examining the present method of performing tasks or operations to improve the current form and develop a new and cheaper way.

• A breakpoint is an instant where one element in a work cycle proceeds while another commences.

NO	ELEMENT	RATING	WATCH READING	OT	B.T.
	Check time	–	0.00	0.00	­­­­­____
1	Collect pipe	80	0.35	0.35	0.28
2	Walk to lorry	90	0.49	0.14	0.13
3	Load pipe	90	1.00	0.51	0.46
	Smoke	–	1.21	0.21	___
4	Back to lorry	100	1.30	0.09	0.09
5	Talk	–	2.45	1.15	___
1	Collect pipe	110	3.56	1.11	1.22
2	Walk to lorry	80	4.63	1.07	0.86
3	Load pipe	80	5.04	0.41	0.33
4	Back to lorry	90	5.68	0.64	0.58
	Check time	–	6.00	0.32	___
	Stopwatch	–	6.78	0.78	___

ELEMENT	BASIC TIME	FREQUENCY	AVERAGE	TOTAL ALLOWANCE	STANDARD TIME
1.	0.28+1.22=1.5	2	1.5/2=0.75	10	0.83
2.	0.13+0.86=0.99	2	0.99/2=0.50	5	0.75
3.	0.46+0.33=0.79	2	0.79/2=0.40	9	0.44
4.	0.09+0.58=0.67	2	0.67/2=0.34	10	0.37
TOTAL					2.39

 

 

2. a)
3. Select the work, process what, or the operation to be studied.
4. Identified the problem

• Record all relevant facts about the work process or operation.

1. Examine all the recorded facts critically.
2. Develop an improved or new method.
3. Measure the work content and established Standard Time.

• Define new methods, install a new approach as standard practice, and maintain a new technique for the job,  process, or operation and check the results.

1. b) i

ACTIVITY	PREDECESSOR	DURATION IN (WEEKS)
		OPTIMISTIC	MOST LIKELY	PESSIMISTIC	t e
A.	–	1	3	5	3
B.	A	2	3	4	3
C.	A	3	4	5	4
D.	A	2	9	10	8
E.	B	4	5	6	5
F.	C	5	6	13	7
G.	C	2	4	6	4
H.	D	1	3	6	3.2
I.	G, H	5	4	5	4.3
J.	E,F	4	3	3	3.2
K.	I,J	3	6	5	5.3
L.	I,J	4	4	6	4.3
M.	I,J	3	7	4	8.7
N.	M	5	11	8	9.5
O.	K	4	5	6	5

 

 

 

 

b (ii).

ACTIVITY	DURATION	PREDECESSOR	EARLIEST		LATEST		FLOAT
			E.S.	E.F.	L.S.	L.F.	T.F.	F.F.
A.	3	–	0	3	0	3	0	0
B.	3	A	3	6	7.3	10.3	4.3	4.3
C.	4	A	3	7	4.3	8.3	1.3	1.3
D.	8	A	3	11	3	11	0	0
E.	5	B	6	11	10.3	15.3	4.3	4.3
F.	7	C	7	14	8.3	15.3	1.3	1.3
G.	4	C	7	11	10.2	14.2	3.2	3.2
H.	3.2	D	11	14.2	11.0	14.2	0	0
I.	4.3	G,H	14.2	18.5	14.2	18.5	0	0
J.	3.2	E,F	14	17.2	15.3	18.5	1.3	1.3
K.	5.3	I,J	18.5	23.8	26.4	31.7	7.9	7.9
L.	4.3	I,J	18.5	22.8	32.4	36.7	13.9	13.9
M.	8.7	I,J	18.5	27.2	18.5	27.2	0	0
N.	9.5	M	27.2	36.7	27.2	36.7	9.5	0
O.	5	K	23.8	28.8	31.7	36.7	12.9	7.9

 

 

E.F = ES+D

LS = L.F-D

T.F = LS-ES

FF = ES-EF

 

3. a)
4. Negligence tort is where one fails to adhere to a specific code of contact, which every person is expected to exercise amongst specified circumstances, for example, slip and fall accident.
5. International tort is when an individual or entity purposively engages in conduct that causes injury or damage to another. Example trespass.

• Strict liability is a type of tort that applies to cases where an injury’s responsibility can be imposed on the wrongdoer without proof of negligence or directive fault.

b.

1. Consent is where the defendant’s action is privileged if the entry to the land is with consent or license or the person who has the rightful and legal possession of the land.
2. Self-help- the party in the possession, may use reasonable force to resist wrongful entry by trespasser by, for example, fencing.
3. Inevitable accident- an inevitable accident is the one that could not have possibly been avoided by the exercise of due care and caution.
4. Necessity is where a defendant is excused from liability if the action is strictly necessary to prevent public disaster.
5. When the plaintiff is the wrongdoer-an implied agreement may exist where the claimant’s action in the circumstances demonstrates a willingness to accept not only the physical risks but also the legal risks
6. An act done with respect to statutory authority-acts which would otherwise be trespass is not so when justification is provided for by law to the defendant.

c). Freehold, the holder, gives the holder absolute ownership of property and the land on which the property it stands on for years while leasehold the holder does not own the land the property is built on; instead, he/she essentially rents the property from the freeholder for a specific period.

 

 

1. Running costs are costs incurred by the plant owner to have the plant working, and the cost varies throughout the plant’s cause. Examples include maintenance cost and fuel while owning costs are incurred by the plant owner to have it in possession, and the cost remains the same throughout the life of a plant. Examples include depreciation and purchase price.
   2. The purchase price of a plant cheaper plants may be of low quality and easy to spoil when used, thus affecting a mechanical plant’s operation.
   3. Operating a plant’s condition when a plant is used for a wrong purpose or used wrongly, it spoils, thus affecting how it operates.

• A number of hours the plant is to work in the year-the plant is supposed to work in hours range between 1800 to 2000 hours; anything more will spoil its operation.

1. Age of a plant-when the plant is too old, it affects its function ability and efficiency, thus affecting its operation.
2. Capital investment- the plant needs proper maintenance for 100% efficiency, and this requires the investment of interest or capital for proper operation, service.

1. The diminishing value method-it is a method that reflects the fact that assets are more productive in their early years than in their later years.
2. The straight-line method is a method where the plant is assumed to lose value at a constant rate per unit of work produced and has no resell value.

 

 

 

 

 

 

DEPRECIATION	KSH	CTS
Machine excavated Man excavated Machine output  30 Actual machine output. Efficiency Time taken to excavate Hire rate of excavator   Machine operating cost=200/hr.   Labor(an operator and an unskilled man)()   Total hire and operating cost/hour     Cost for excavating   Hand excavation   Man output Time taken to excavate () Cost for unskilled labor   Total cost for machine and hand excavation   Allow 25% of profit and overhead   Total     Costfor excavating	937   200   225   1562         612,750             1,875,000   2,489,312   622,328   3,111,640           207	50   00   00   50         00             00   00   13   63           44