Evidence-Based Practice Healthcare
To achieve improved healthcare services, clinical decisions need to be accurate and timely. Evidence-Based practice allows the use of the most current evidence to make clinical decisions. To achieve the desired effectiveness in the healthcare sector, Evidence-Based Practice healthcare is essential. The Institute of Medicine set a goal that by 2020, it will have advanced in Evidence-Based Practice such that most of the clinical decisions will be accurate, timely, and will reflect the best available evidence to achieve the best patient outcomes. For the future healthcare patients to be completely assured of improved healthcare, the healthcare professionals need to acquire the skills and knowledge required for Evidence-Based Practice. Evidence-Based Practice healthcare is essential in providing solutions to most of the dangerous diseases in the world, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.
The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterium was first discovered in the 1880s. At this time, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection could cause painful boils and sores on the skin of the infected person. In the 1950s, healthcare practitioners discovered that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterium had become resistant to the antibiotics such as penicillin. In 1961, the British scientists made a breakthrough by discovering a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterium that had become resistant to a penicillin antibiotic (Jokinen, 2018). The Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus is currently evolving at a faster rate and showing more resistance to the antibiotics. The Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection does not only affect the skin, but it also affects internal body organs such as lungs and the urinary tract. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a bacterium that is resistant to most of the available antibiotics (Gillard, 2018). Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection mostly affects people who are in crowded public places such as prisons, churches, and hospitals. A form of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection has evolved in the world that starts with a painful boil on the skin of a person. The strain is referred to as the community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, and it quickly spreads from one person to another through skin contact. Due to the faster evolution of The Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacterium, it is feared that the bacterium could become a significant issue in antibiotic resistance hence the need for a permanent solution. In evidence-practice, understanding the cause and symptoms of any disease is critical in the treatment of the disease.
The Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection is caused by a bacterium that is genetically different from the other strains of staphylococcus aureus (Jokinen, 2017). The bacterium is dangerous to the human health because it causes difficulties in the treatment of other diseases. The of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacterium develops from natural selection, horizontal gene transfer, and multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The beta-lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that has a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structures. Penicillin is one of the derivatives present in beta-lactam antibiotics. The Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacterium is present on the upper respiratory tract and skin of a patient. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacteria begin to cause sores on the surface if they invade and colonize the tissues of the skin. High school wrestlers, healthcare workers, and people living in congested areas are at-risk populations of this type of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. Also, people with indwelling implants and drains are at great risk of being infected from Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection. People with weak immunity, such as people suffering from cancer, HIV/AIDS, and diabetes, are also a population at risk of being infected by Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection (Hansen, 2017). Since older people have reduced immunity as compared to children, older people can easily be affected by Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection as compared to the young population. Also, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacterium attacks livestock and pets. The livestock Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacterium can be transmitted to human beings, hence the infection posse a real danger on the world’s population. Signs and symptoms of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection form the basis for effective diagnosis and treatment of the infection.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection starts as a skin infection. As a result, Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection can easily be confused with any other skin infection leading to the wrong diagnosis. The infection starts with a painful bump that appears as a swollen pimple, and it can be filled with pus or any other drainage (Jokinen, 2017). The infected person can also experience a feeling of fever that does not last for a long time. The swollen bump becomes deep and painful, and it may require surgical drainage. The bacterium mostly resides on the skin, but at some incidences, the bacterium cab burrows deep into the body, causing surgical wounds, bone, and lung infection. Timely diagnosis of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus bacterium is required to prevent the bacterium from burrowing deep into the body of the infected person. Therefore, one should visit a medical facility after noticing any skin problem for the early diagnosis of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus bacteria develop after a long period of antibiotic consumption. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is mostly transmitted from one person to another through body contact. To prevent the spread of the infection, patients infected by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are isolated from other people to prevent them from making any form of body contact with unaffected people. The healthcare providers interacting with Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infected patients are advised to wear protective gear (Jokinen, 2017. Also, keeping wounds covered is another method that is effective in preventing the spread of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. Immediately after vigorous activities such as sports, individuals are advised to shower with a soap to kill any bacterium that might have been contacted during the sporting activity. The existing measures to prevent the spread of Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection are not effective enough, and therefore, the infection continues to put the lives of many at risk.
Evidence-based practice healthcare refers to the use of the most suitable methods of treatment to have the best patient outcome. To achieve the desired results in the treatment of any patient, it is of importance for the healthcare provider to understand the populations at risk of a particular disease. The information of the people who are vulnerable to a certain disease assist in the accurate diagnosis of the disease according to the evidence-based practice healthcare. The prevention and treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is a major problem that requires a quick solution so as to achieve a healthy people 2020 goal. For the proper treatment of the infection, an evidence-based diagnosis is required. The healthcare providers need to have adequate skills and information concerning the populations at risk of been infected by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria. A case study of determining the community people more venerable of being infected by this infection was carried out. The case study was an evidence-based research work whose main objective was to sought prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection on children (Gleeson, 2016). The evidence-based research network established that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was more common in children who liked sport participation and those who liked to interact with a pet. The research network concluded that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection was widespread in the community and included strains associated with healthcare and community acquires infections. When healthcare providers have this information at their disposal, any child who interacts mostly with pets and is showing signs of skin disease will automatically be diagnosed for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection, which will promote timely and accurate diagnosis of the infection. Therefore, evidence-based practice healthcare will have helped in the accurate diagnosis of the infection. Also, through evidence-based practice, the healthcare provider has in mind that sporting activities expose the participants in the risk of being infected by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. As a result, the healthcare providers will advise all the sports participants to take a bath immediately after the sport, which will help in the prevention of the infection. Therefore, evidence-based practice healthcare provides a solution for the prevention and treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.
A major problem exists in the treatment and prevention of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection hence the need of evidence-based practice. The bacterium causing this type of infection quickly spreads from one infected person to another, making the control of the infection more difficult. The bacterium causes difficulties in the treatment of other diseases, which makes the infection more dangerous to human health. Untimely diagnosis of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection makes the effects of the disease more severe as discussed, hence need for a timely and accurate diagnosis of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. Thus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection has in the last years become a difficult disease to treat according to a study carried out by Michael. The study aimed to determine the survival rate of the patients who are diagnosed with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. The study also aimed to suggest that, through evidence-based practice, alternative agents and systems can be useful in the prevention and treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. In the study, fourteen patients diagnosed with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection were investigated (Ruggero, 2015). Some patients were treated with the conventional treatment methods of the infection, and some other patients were treated with an alternative advanced treatment method. The patients used in the case had ages ranging from twenty to seventy-six years. Seven of the fourteen patients were male, and the rest were females. Five patients in the case series had signs of diabetes mellitus, and one patient was HIV/AIDS positive. The results were suitable to analyze how effective can evidence-based practice can be in solving the problem of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.
The results of the case study revealed how evidence-based practice healthcare makes the treatment and prevention of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection effective. The patients who were treated using an alternative method survived the infection. On the other hand, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infected patients who had other diseases like diabetes took a very long period to heal when treated with standard treatment methods of the infection. The case series reveals the effectiveness of the use of evidence-based practice healthcare in the treatment of resistant infections such as the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. The alternative treatment method that was used in the case series is the telavancin method, which showed a high degree of effectiveness in the treatment of the infection. Telavancin is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin that is used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection (Ruggero, 2015). The healthcare providers used in the administration of this treatment method require to have high skills in medical matters and require to have a positive attitude towards evidence-based practice healthcare. Telavancin kills the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacterium by disrupting the membranes of the bacteria through depolarization. Evidence-based practice healthcare requires that clinical decisions are timely and accurately made using the most current evidence. In the case study, the patients were diagnosed of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection early enough before the bacteria had burrowed deep into the body of the patients, hence satisfying the timely diagnosis feature of the evidence-based practice healthcare. The diagnosis test results revealed that the patients were suffering from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. The test did not confuse methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection with skin disease, hence satisfying the accuracy characteristic of the evidence-based practice healthcare. Advanced systems and scientific methods were used in the administration of telavancin medication, which revealed to be effective in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.
In conclusion, timely and accurate clinical decisions are necessary to achieve the desired patient outcome results. Evidence-based practice healthcare provides healthcare providers with the most recent evidence required to make clinical decisions. According to the healthy people 2020 goal, evidence-based practice healthcare is crucial in achieving effectiveness in healthcare services. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a bacterium that is resistant to most of the antibiotics. The infection starts as skin disease, and it causes adverse health effects to the infected person. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection is easily transferred from one person to another through body contact. People residing in populated areas are at risk of being infected by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection. The infection is a great danger to all world people because of its ease of transmission. Through evidence-based practice healthcare, healthcare providers will have current information concerning the populations at risk and causes of the infection, which ensures a timely and accurate diagnosis of the infection. Also, through evidence-based practice, advanced and more effective medications for the infection are discovered. Evidence-based practice is thus useful in solving the problem of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection.
References
Gillard, K., Miller, H. B., & Blackledge, M. S. (2018). Tricyclic amine antidepressants suppress β‐lactam resistance in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by repressing mRNA levels of key resistance genes. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 92(5), 1822– 1829
Gleeson, A., Larkin, P., Walsh, C., & O, S. N. (2016). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and effects on survival of patients in a specialist palliative care unit: A prospective observational study. Palliative Medicine, 30(4), 374–381
Hansen, M.-L. U., Gotland, N., Mejer, N., Petersen, A., Larsen, A. R., & Benfield, T. (2017). Diabetes increases the risk of disease and death due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Jokinen, E., Laine, J., Huttunen, R., Lyytikäinen, O., Vuento, R., Vuopio, J., & Syrjänen, J. (2018). Trends in incidence and resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia
Jokinen, E., Laine, J., Huttunen, R., Rahikka, P., Huhtala, H., Vuento, R., … Syrjänen, J. (2017). Comparison of outcome and clinical characteristics of bacteremia caused by methicillin- resistant, penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains
Ruggero, M. A., Peaper, D. R., & Topal, J. E. (2015). Telavancin for refractory methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infective endocarditis