Experimental evidence of Brocken window theory
The concept that makes a problem to be unattended to a given environment to which has some effects on people is the Brocken window theory(Vasileiou). This makes the neglected problems to have an impact on attitude maintenance and leads to continued proper management. This theory came field in the year 1982 .some of the issues that affect the management is absenteeism, information silos, imperfect human resource management works and making each to be a Brocken window(Vasileiou).
Experimental evidence of Brocken window theory
In the late, the 80s makes new York experience a high rate of violence and crack and hirers a consultant to implement measures(Bartling, and Netzer). The consultant makes some graffiti disappear and cleans every station daily until one day he comes with a policy to make every graffiti go. Some of the implemented methods are the zero to tolerance policy of the arrestee procedure. This makes the police in New York to enforce a law that is strict to the subway against fare invasions, public drinkers(Bartling, and Netzer). This makes one success of the drug decline that again states some disorder like the dirty streets. This makes pretty crimes in the city such as murder, robbery as signs of disease that induce the decrease of serious crimes. A thesis of the window broken theory suggests symptoms of the disorder and criminal behaviour that triggers crimes causing the spread of these behaviours. It makes the neighbour to decay, and the qualities of life inhabit and deteriorate (Bartling, and Netzer). The research indicated that criminal activity declines on its own. This is due to some demographic and social-economic reason that attributes to the Brocken windows policing policies.
The broken window model focuses on the importance of disorder in generating and sustaining more serious crimes (Bartling, and Netzer). These disorders are not linked to severe crimes instead the disease leads to increase fear and withdrawal of the residents that allow more severe crimes to move in because of increase in levels of the informal social control(Bartling, and Netzer). This makes the police to play a crucial role in disrupting this process. The focus is on the disorder, and the fewer crimes in the neighbourhoods that have not overtaken the severe sins, thus help reduce fear resident withdrawal. In promoting a higher level of informal social control is assisting the residents in controlling themselves and taking care of their neighbours and prevent severe crime to infiltrate.
The Brocken windows policy list some review of the research evidence (Bartling, and Netzer).This makes through some strategies that focus on the disorder that is statistically the mode impact on reducing crimes. This has thus led to the success of problem-oriented interventions that are no signs of reducing the overall effect of aggressive order maintenance strategies (Bartling, and Netzer). These conclude that police can successfully lessen the disorder crime through policing efforts but to typed of strategies matter. This makes the model applying some policing to evaluate the number of reasons. First, the agency has implemented the Brocken window policing through a variety of ways that adopt an approach of crime and disorder (Bartling, and Netzer). The second is on the proper measure Brocken window treatment that misdemeanour arrest on the data available. The third is that the model suggests a long term indirect link between the disorder enforcement and the reduction of crime, thus evaluating the Brocken windows intervention (Bartling, and Netzer).
There is much debate on the impact of New York policing tactic on the reduction of crimes and disorder. Brocken window is not the only one to bring down the crime rates but also plays some critical role in policing(Fulda). Tackling this disorder has frequently been a tactic chosen by the police in crime hot spots .this makes the officers use some aggressive order to the maintenance of reducing the strategy to reduce the violent crime results that suggest being significant positive results(Fulda). The hotspots are thus viewed as the direct tests of the Brocken window theory. The number of strategies is used in these intervention to reduce the crime. This makes the concern of the effectiveness of the Brocken window policy in reducing crime(Fulda). This page, the community policing and procedural justice to the importance of implementing the practical strategies that are viewed by the citizens to be fair.
Crime and punishment
Some striking examples on how the social media can be used to enforce the law in an individual case (Ruggiero).this is due to the scientists harnessing social media to learn on the wrongdoing in a large scale. The social data scientist uses some large quantities of twitter data to humanity some analysis on crime and tests on the theories of how offence might come to the future. The growth of social media has presented potential opportunities that address on criminology to realize scale and speed(Ruggiero). This makes it easier to tracks the neighbourhood maintenance requests and creates an association of the mention crime rates that is consistent with what the theory predicts the outcomes. There are some limitations to this approach. For example, no social media provides with precise data, transparent information and thus means some added work for the researchers(Ruggiero). Despite the limitation, researchers are excited to seize on the potential of title and other platforms that help them understand and predict patterns of criminal activity.
The theory
Before the development and implementation of various incivility theories of the Brocken window, the law enforcement scholars and the police tend to focus on the severe crime(Bai, and Hsing). The significant consequence of the victims is such as rape, robbery and murder. This creates fear in the citizen mind and considers to be unsafe in the area. The withdrawal in the community weakens the social control and places the criminals on the check. Scholars define two types of disorder; first is the physical disease and the social disorder(Bai, and Hsing). The line of crime and disorder experts to drug-taking and prostitution as the disorders and thought to increase fear to citizens.
The advantage of this theory is the criminology procedures that enable initiatives to realm the criminal justice policy to effect change(Bai, and Hsing). The Brocken window theory effect of changing quickly with minimal expense by altering the police crime control strategy. This brings more straightforward attacks to the disorder of the social ill as poverty and inadequate education(Bai, and Hsing).In the academic and law enforcement circles, the theory is not without critics. One of the critics is the empirical evidence that disorder and leaves the causes of crime(Bai, and Hsing). The disease thus creates fear and causes the breakdown of social control, in turn, offending. The most substantial support of the theory comes from the work of political scientists, Wesley Slogan, who finds that certain types of crime are severe.Slogan thus interprets the results proof of the validity of the Brocken widows theory Its therefore safe to conclude that the method does not explain everything and if valid companion theories are necessary to solve crime fully.
References
Bai, Zhidong, and Tailen Hsing. “The Broken Sample Problem”. Probability Theory And Related Fields, vol 131, no. 4, 2004, pp. 528-552. Springer Science And Business Media LLC, doi:10.1007/s00440-004-0384-5.
Bartling, Bjjrn, and Nick Netzer. “An Externality-Robust Auction: Theory And Experimental Evidence”. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. Elsevier BV, doi:10.2139/ssrn.2425708.
Fulda, Joseph S. “THE ‘BROKEN WINDOWS’ THEORY AND THE NEW YORK EXPERIENCE RECONSIDERED”. Economic Affairs, vol 30, no. 1, 2010, pp. 101-102. Wiley, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0270.2009.01984.x.
Ruggiero, Vincenzo. “Book Review: Crime And Punishment In Contemporary Culture”. Punishment & Society, vol 7, no. 1, 2005, pp. 104-105. SAGE Publications, doi:10.1177/146247450500700112.
Vasileiou, Evangelos. “Re-Examination Of The Banking Window Dressing Theory: New Methodological Approaches And Empirical Evidence From The Greek Case.”. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. Elsevier BV, doi:10.2139/ssrn.2437367.