For Delgado-Berna, epistemology is more than inquiries into the nature and sources of knowledge
1.
For Delgado-Berna, epistemology is more than inquiries into the nature and sources of knowledge, but it also covers the lack of knowledge, for example, the White epistemology of ignorance (Matias 294).
2.
Revisit the concept of false victimhood by asserting that Whites are the true victims of race and racism to analyze how it is manifested and articulated (Matias 305).
3.
Power relations and processes by which certain groups are socially, economically, and politically marginalized within the larger society.
4
Critical Pedology is one of the components, and it means elevating students to the status of Subjects in the creation of knowledge. Authentic Caring is second, and it entails treating students as full and complete human beings. Social Justice Content is the last and entails teaching content that directly counters racism and racist stereotypes through epistemological contextualization of the students’ social, economic, and cultural realities (Cammarota and Romero 22).
5
It helps students’ raise their own voices above the silencing of traditional schooling.
Students could become active citizens armed with a critical consciousness that could lead them toward the transformation of educational and social structures presently failing to meet their specific needs (Cammarota and Romero 18).
6 They know that there is an opportunity cost if they drop out of school
7
For students of color, critical pedagogy allows them to become critical agents of social and structural transformation (Cammarota and Romero 16).
8
Endangered, aggressive, angry, superhuman, subhuman, lazy, hyperactive, jailed, and paroled, on probation, lost, loveless, incorrigible, or just merely self-destructive (Stevenson 2003, p. 185).
9 Discrimination, family instability, and exposure to violence (Williams et al. 1729).
10
Cultural resilience causes individuals to moderate the association between the experiences of stress and maladaptive coping (Williams et al. 1730).
11.
According to Matias, macroaggressions are the subtle remarks and ethnic related derogations that victims of racial abuse go without noticing (Williams et al. 1736).
12
False consciousness is the shared belief that since powerful groups have control over education, religion, media culture, and economic systems, then the political consciousness of the disadvantaged people is false (Godfrey and Wolf 95).
13
It is the only theory that is concerned explicitly with the legitimization of systems of governance (social, economic, political) per se rather than group-based hierarchies (Godfrey and Wolf 95).
14
“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (Food and Agriculture Organization 1).
15
It is a hypothesis where foreign-born persons return to their country of origin to die (Franzini and Fernandez-Esquer 1630).
16
Unidirectional individual change, in which a person raised in one culture enters the social structure and institutions of another, and internalizes the prevailing behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs of the new culture (Franzini and Fernandez-Esquer 1632).
17.
Perceived racism is the subjective experience of prejudice or discrimination (Franzini and Fernandez-Esquer 1632).
18
Trust increases the levels of oxytocin, a hormone that the brain secretes when the body feels good, which may be protective of health (Franzini and Fernandez-Esquer 1635).