GEO-RESEARCH PAPER
Group behaviour
The influence of the situations can facilitate individuals to conform or cooperate as a group even when there is no sufficient information. Two factors determine the act of conforming to a particular group; one of the factors that facilitate conformity to a group is the desire to be precise and acquire information offered by the group. The second reason why people like to be associated with a particular group is so that they can fit in and be liked by the other members of the group. Additionally, authority figures play a significant role in influencing people behaviours, people tend to obey and conform to orders regardless of whether the orders are contrary to their values or not. Conforming to a group enhances group thinking. Also, group situations help enhance human behaviour by facilitating the performance of easy tasks but impeding the performance of hard tasks.
Organizational Behavior
Organizational behaviour denotes to the study of individual and group performance as well as various activities found in an organization. It refers to an academic study of manners of how people behave while in a group. The chief role of organizational behaviour is to try and make organizations operation more effective. Organizational behaviour studies involve focusing on the research concentrated on improving job satisfaction, increasing job satisfaction, encouraging leadership and promoting innovation.
Attraction or Intimacy
Attraction refers to a physical closeness amid two persons based on their resident, working place, or where they sit in the class. Alternatively, attraction can be used to denote to the force that brings people together; most of the social psychologists used the word attraction to signify to the affinity which draws romantic partners and friends together. Contrary to attraction, intimacy denotes to a range of physical and emotional closeness amid individuals. Intimacy is primarily used to denote to the sexual relationship. Still, it can also be used to denote to the type of a relationship where people are free to express their deep feelings and thoughts.
Friendship
Friendship refers to a form of a relationship involving continuous interactions amid two individuals who recognize each other. Also, friendship can be used to denote reciprocated, effective and even emotional bond. There exist various types of friendship, for instance, same-sex friendship, neighbourhood friendship. People engaging in a friendship tends to have similar authority or powers over their friendship. One of the factors that influence and facilitates the continuity of friendship is the act of companionship.
Altruism
Altruism denotes to the existence of helping behaviour that is mainly meant at relieving other individuals’ distress. I refer to the act of caring about the well-being of other individuals, Altruistic help if deliberate, voluntary, and is driven by concern for the other individual’s welfare. People offering help based on the altruistic reasons do not expect reciprocity, repayment, recognition, gratitude or any other form of benefit.
Prejudice and stereotypes
Prejudice and stereotypes denote to the biases that are linked together and have a significant adverse effect towards enhancing social inequality. Prejudice denotes to the incorrect and unjustified attitude (negative attitude) towards a person based on the individual’s membership to a particular group. For instance, an individual might hold prejudiced opinions to a particular gender or race.
Aggression
The term aggression in psychology denotes to the type of behaviours that might yield to both psychological and physical harm to oneself, or even to other people in an environment. Aggression is focused on causing harm to other people either mentally or physically. The three types of aggression involve reactive-expression, proactive-relational, and reactive-inexpressive.
Applied social psychology
Applied social psychology denotes to the method of using psychological principles, theories, experimental methods and research findings to investigate social issues and to provide a real-world solution for various types of social problems. Applied social psychology works on areas with social problems which are caused by human behaviours. Applied social psychology involves undertaking scientific examination regarding the individuals feeling, behaviours and thoughts as they are associated with various types of social influences. The primary aim of applied social psychology is to give practical suggestions necessary for enhancing the social behaviours of human beings in multiple sectors such as safer sexual activity and workplace productivity.
Article Review
Aggression
According to Hsieh, I.-J., & Chen (2017), aggressive behaviour denotes to any form of behaviour aimed at hurting other individual and is linked with social numerous social factors as well as individual factors. The various known types of aggressive behaviors include; indirect aggression, physical and verbal aggression. Physical aggression encompasses causing inflicting physical harm to other individuals, verbal aggression, on the other hand, comprises the usage of certain language to cause pain to another individual. Finally, indirect aggression involves the use of social manipulation (for instance, social exclusion), which leads to causing harm to other individuals. Other forms of aggression include instrumental and reactive aggression. Reactive aggression refers to the response to a threat or a threat while instrumental aggression denotes to using aggression as a means to an end. The central chief role of the study conducted by Hsieh & Chen (2017) was to investigate the relationship that exists between the inhibitory control and emotional regulation in aggressive forecasting behavior.
According to the article, emotions such as fear and anger are significantly associated with aggression. The research article used eighty undergraduate college students as participants who had finalized study for course extra credit and monetary compensation. The research followed all the ethical guidelines, such as informed consent and privacy of the participants. The results deduced from the study conducted by Hsieh & Chen (2017) indicated that there exists an association between the inhibitory control and emotional regulation in forecasting the aggressive behaviors. Individuals who are good in regulating their emotions tend to exhibit less aggression compared to individuals who are not good at regulating their emotions. Also, the research indicated that emotional regulation does not affect the aggression behavior for the individuals who have good inhibitory control. Individuals can acquire and strengthen their capability of regulating negative emotions through experience, practice and learning.
Prejudice and stereotypes
According to Fiske, S. T. (2019, June 28), prejudice and stereotypes denote to the biases that are linked together and have a significant adverse effect towards enhancing social inequality. Traditionally, people used to exhibit prejudice and stereotypes openly without any fear. However, the trend has significantly changed in the current society where it is hard to hear people openly posing prejudice and stereotypes to other groups. However,effects of prejudice and stereotypes that existed in the past era and those experienced in current society are equally harmful. Example of a traditional bias is Blatant biases. Blatant biases denoted to the feeling, behavior and beliefs that individuals are perfectly willing to confess, it involves exhibiting hostility toward an outgroup while significantly favouring the in-group.
Altruism
According to Kendra Cherry. (2018). Altruism refers to signs of concern exhibited by an individual or group towards the well-being of another group or individuals. In some instances, the act of altruism makes individuals risk their lives and health for the sake of helping other persons. The article indicates that such types of behaviors are sometimes undertaken unselfishly where the groups do not expect anything in return. Reciprocal altruism, on the other hand, involves assisting other individuals with the expectations that they will help them in return.
The article highlighted the issue of prosocial behavior and altruism; prosocial behavior denotes to the deeds that benefit another group irrespective of the extent that the giver benefits from such action. Pure altruism encompasses true selflessness. Also, the article postulated various reasons that contribute to the existence of altruism; some of the reasons attributed to the existence of altruism include biological reasons, neurological reasons as well as environmental reasons.
References
Hsieh, I.-J., & Chen, Y. Y. (2017). Determinants of aggressive behavior: Interactive effects of emotional regulation and inhibitory control. PLOS ONE, 12(4), e0175651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175651
Kendra Cherry. (2018). Why We Risk Our Well-Being to Help Others. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-altruism-2794828
Fiske, S. T. (2019, June 28). 13.4 Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping. Openpress.Usask.Ca; University of Saskatchewan Open Press. https://openpress.usask.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/prejudice-discrimination-and-stereotyping/