HYDRAULICS AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS REPORT
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Hydraulics and Engineering Applications Report
Summary
Introduction
The task of Wessex Water is to supply drinking water from a pumping station located in Burton from her regional main to a service reservoir at Lambert’s Hill. The water is then distributed by gravity from the reservoir to two-thousand new households in Poundbury (Bundle, 2020). This report will evaluate, analyze, and develop the most sustainable option from a few given alternatives. Specifically, factors that will be considered in the comparative assessment include pipe material, route, pipe diameter selection, protection from pressure surge, pump selection and arrangement, and the most significant cost-effectiveness. Additionally, all underlying assumptions will be considered, and this will be in design and line with Wessex Water Design Standards before finding the most appropriate or beneficial option.
Investigation Route
The Wessex Water project was limited to three specific routes as a result of factors such as land use, systems hydraulic, which include ground slope and elevation; access for construction and maintenance; and sensitive areas (Wessex Water, 2020). In this regard, the three major routes selected for discussion were three gravity and pump routes 1, route 2, and route 3. The sectional and plan views of these routes are shown (). From the given topographical information and data, Burton’s pump station has an elevation of 59.45 meters above ordnance datum (AOD). In contrast, Lambert’s hill SR has 155.70 meters above ordnance datum (AOD), and Poundbury has 110 meters above ordnance datum (AOD).
Accordingly, the conditions of the ground, which played a significant role in route selection, were put into consideration. In this regard, the site study that was conducted indicated that the field consists of mainly chalk soils, which are favorable materials for subsurface pipe lining or pipe works. All the inconveniences that accompany the municipal supply and reticulations were also put into consideration. These include congestion and traffic delay, route diversions, and road closures, which are known to affect a considerable population. Additionally, management regulations and construction designs were strictly adhered to.
Nevertheless, there were specific unavoidable major crossings that needed painstaking mechanisms and techniques to make the project successful. Another decision-making factor that was taken into consideration was the cost. McGuire (2015), in his study, indicated that projects are successful if allowable starting capital is not exceeded. In this regard, long and short-term cost-effectiveness are also very significant factors in costing analysis.
Taking into accounts the pipe designs, the pipe routes were conducted in specific areas. The selection of the routes of the pipelines will be governed by factors such as; land use, which include road or rail, landowners, and river crossing; system hydraulic like ground slope and elevation; access include considering construction and maintenance; and sensitive regions which are classified as scheduled ancient monuments (SAM), areas of natural beauty (AONB), sites of specific interests (SSS), and county wildlife sites (CWB). The primary reason for the route selection is to avoid areas of sensitivity. Those areas include ONB, SSS, CWS, and SAM. They are all indicated on the map.
Regarding land use, the project will be another influencing factor for landowners as well. Also, the conditions of the ground need to be taken into consideration; for instance, the soil and the water that is providing the ground in which the pipes and other infrastructure will be constructed. Lastly, because every starting business has a starting capital, the cost is another influencing factor.
Option Considered
Justification of routes
A suitable route was selected for the pipeline, which covered a length of 6.11km. In this regard, factors that were considered include elevation, trench, significant crossings, and sensitive areas. Sensitive areas like ISSS, CWS, and SAM were avoided except AOND. Specifically, to protect the landscape and environment, the extra cost may be incurred as a result of locating this sensitive area. The route identified provides for the increase in the elevation to make it easier and cheaper to pump the water into the reservoir. The reduction of significant crossings, such as rivers and roads need to be considered. This is because avoiding the rivers, and the traffics will minimize disruptions and also reduce the costs. The trench shared is to reduce damage due to no duplication of construction staff trench, lower land, and take within the road service; it increases efficiency and shorter timeframe, encouraging higher productivity and cost.
Pipe Design
To select the pipe design for the main pumped, the Darcy equation was be applied. In this regard, as established by the value of daily flow, the diameter selected for the pumped main was 400mm and 350mm. In this case, Hf is the head-loss of pipe, f is the friction factor, l is the length of the pipe, d is the diameter of the pipe, and g is the acceleration as a result of the gravity. The head loss as a result of the fitting, was also calculated. The chosen entry and exit from the pipes are one of the significant factors. The bell mouth entry and exit were selected for both pumped and gravity main.
References
- Tables For The Hydraulic Design Of Pipes And Sewers. London: Telford.
Bundle, e., 2020. Wessex Modumax Mk3 Floor Standing Boiler. [online] Hamworthy-heating.com. Available at: <https://www.hamworthy-heating.com/Products/Commercial-boilers/Wessex-ModuMax-mk3-boiler> [Accessed 13 April 2020].
Chandramouli, S., 2015. Reliability-based optimal design of a municipal water supply pipe network. Urban Water Journal, 12(5), pp.353-361.
McGuire, M., 2015. Pipe to Pipe to Pipe. Journal – American Water Works Association, 107(7), pp.2-2.
Salutagi, S., Kulkarni, M., and Kulkarni, A., 2015. Use of CFD Technology in Hydraulics System Design for off-Highway Equipment and Applications. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, 4(1), pp.52-55.
Sarbu, I. and Ostafe, G., 2015. Optimal design of urban water supply pipe networks. Urban Water Journal, 13(5), pp.521-535.
Tran, H., 2016. Markov-Based Reliability Assessment for Hydraulic Design of Concrete Stormwater Pipes. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 142(7), p.06016005.
Wessexwater.co.uk. 2020. Wessex Water – For You, For Life.. [online] Available at <https://www.wessexwater.co.uk/> [Accessed 13 April 2020].