Legal Issues in IT
Student Name:
Student ID.:
Institution Affiliation:
Course Name:
Project Title:
Submission Date:
QN 1;
Technology in the modern world has risen to another level. The rise of technology has both positive and negative impacts on the human way of life. On the positive, technology has made it easy for the human to handle or solve complicated tasks which would otherwise be difficult to solve by dependence on the human knowledge (Yuan et al., n.d.). On the negative side, technology has brought with it challenges such as computer insecurity. This has brought about the need for establishing legal standards to regulate and govern computer systems.
There has been a proposal from different people about setting up legal standards and regulations to govern safety-critical computer-based systems. This suggestion has brought arguments from different people, supporting the offer while others are going against it. Some of the ideas supporting this include the fact that computer systems regulation helps ensure the appropriate use of computer systems. Similarly, regulating computer systems means reducing the hackers’ access to techniques, which is done by limiting access to one’s technological network (Yuan et al., n.d.). Some argue that regulating access to a computer system slows the rate at which personnel handles tasks. Individuals have to be granted access to certain networks or technological infrastructure.
A counterargument is a contradicting statement. Some counterarguments emerging from the above context on the advantages of regulating computer system are that despite control of cybercrime, there is still a high chance of creating difficulties in operating the plans due to encryptions done to protect data in the computers. On the side of the disadvantages of regulating computer systems, a counterargument emerges: despite the slow access to data by an individual, there is still a better chance of securing information that if not for computer system regulation, the data would be vulnerable many people.
Provisions for regulating computer systems are the tools for controlling access to technological infrastructures. These tools include the use of general conditions, which have available containing the network to limit different individuals’ access (Mcguire, 1961). Another provision is the supplementary provision. This provision looks at the implementation strategies used to make sure that the computer system regulation is effective.
QN 2:
In the case study described in question two, the company is trying to push its production and make its name go big and make high income from their newly implemented technology. The manager happens to have found a ready market for the sale of their newly invented technology and, therefore, pushes the employees to accomplish the project. This is otherwise unethical as the project needs a longer period, but now the manager is making his employees work within a short period.
There are three main stakeholders in this company. They include the employees, the company itself, and its customers immediately after it is introduced into the market. To accomplish this project within the speculated time, the employer can employ two different actions. These actions are either choosing to multitask or adding more employees to help in the project. The addition of employees is the role of the manager.
The actions affect the stakeholders. For example, an activity such as multitasking means that the project may be filled with errors. Overworking the employees would spoil the company’s image, not forgetting the effect of poor quality product and the employees are tired due to overwork, which is unethical. Choosing to add employees will increase the production cost of the company. For this case, I would select additional employees’ action as this does not subject the available employees to pressure. This action is critical because it considers professionals’ ethical conduct, which is looked at in the ACM code or the SE code (Gotterbarn et al., 1999). This is considered in principle number 5 of the software engineering code of ethics. It states that software engineering managers should promote an ethical approach to the management of software development.
QN 3:
The new Denver International Airport baggage system was a system employed to move luggage in the new international airport in 19995. The course consisted of an integrated automated baggage handling system. The plan was faced with many challenges that made to its failures. The government also had a hand in the project as it was a megaproject that would have boosted the country’s economy (de Neufville, 1994). The opening of Denver International Airport was delayed for 16 months due to technical difficulties experienced in Denver.
Some of the factors that led to the baggage system’s failure include the problem of the reliability of the delivery of the system. There was a question on whether the system was reliable and if it could serve the many customers expected after the airport’s opening. It was confirmed that the system was not reliable, and therefore the structure collapsed. Another problem experienced was that Denver Airport’s management system expected the system to work excellent, and they failed to allow a chance for errors (Schloh & Stearns, 1996)(Gordon & Zimmerman, 2010). This technological misuse led to the failure of the system as it was overworked.
Politics in the country also played a greater part in the collapse of the system. The country’s political state made people lose trust and confidence in the design and, therefore, destroy the baggage system (Schloh & Stearns, 1996). This created chaos, which led to the failure of the system. The management in Denver’s international airport did not schedule the system, an act that made the system fail. There was also a problem with the software used. The software was not reliable and completed the baggage system to fail.
QN: 4
Offshoring is a process where an organization looks for resources from abroad. The method of offshoring will involve searching for employees in the market. During outsourcing, a company has to consider some ethical issues that will aid in proper and unbiased sourcing. An important aspect of ethics that many companies consider during the process of outsourcing includes the ethics of patriotism. This concept puts a business in a position to ask and view if the local engineers are working or employed before sourcing from other countries (Gordon & Zimmerman, 2010). This ethical issue helps a company remain competitive because their consideration of the local engineers builds a proper image in the competitive market.
It is also important for any company to consider the ethical issues of wages and salary payments. Outsourcing involves making sure that you have a piece of clear information or data on the outside market’s payment structure. Many companies feel that considering the outdoor market’s wages is crucial and helps in proper offshoring.
In America’s united states, they are offshoring me a great deal in ensuring a company’s success. Companies in this country choose to employ the next-gen technology, and therefore they choose to outsource from the low-cost manufacturing countries such as Malaysia and China. In the United States of America, the government has been supportive and encourages this strategy’s employment (Levinson, 2009). They choose to site employees from low-cost economies.
India is one of the fastest-growing countries in the sector of outsourcing. In this country, outsourcing is basically on employees with competence and skills to work in labor-intensive firms. This means that the firms in this country are mostly labor-intensive, and outsourcing is based on labor.
References
de Neufville, R. (1994). The baggage system at Denver: prospects and lessons. Journal of Air Transport Management, 1(4), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-6997(94)90014-0
Gordon, C., & Zimmerman, A. (2010). Fair shares: A preliminary framework and case analyzing the ethics of offshoring. Science and Engineering Ethics, 16(2), 325–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9147-0
Gotterbarn, D., Miller, K., & Rogerson, S. (1999). The exhaustive efforts of the ACM and IEEE-CS have resulted in adopting a code of professional practices for software engineers to consider-and use. Software Engineering Code of Ethics is Approved. Communications of the Acm, 42(10).
Levinson, A. (2009). Offshoring pollution: Is the United States increasingly importing polluting goods? Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4(1), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rep017
Mcguire, W. J. (1961). Resistance to persuasion conferred by the active and passive prior refutation of the same and alternative counterarguments 1. 63(2), 326–332.
Schloh & Stearns. (, 1996). Analysis of the Denver International Airport baggage system. California Polytechnic State University, 1(February 16, 1996), 1–29.
Yuan, T., Kelly, T., Xu, T., Wang, H., & Zhao, L. (n.d.). A Dialogue-based Safety Argument Review Tool. 1–14.