Obesity
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Obesity
Human health in the current world is evolving towards aspects of individual care with specificity on weight management. The evolution is because excessive weight gain contributes to non-communicable conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic stroke (Middlemiss, & McEniery, 2017). In addition to being the major contributor to many non-communicable diseases, the condition often puts a toll on the patients due to poor body image. This development contributes to low self-esteem and worthlessness, which, in many cases, causes depression and other psychological disorders. This predicament forms the basis of the paper that seeks to explain obesity, its causes, and treatment.
Determination of obesity inclines on the classification of an individual body mass index. This classification is often subject to the body mass index being more than 30. Hung et al. (2017) posit that body mass index is determined by the division of an individual’s weight in pounds by the respective height in inches squared with the number multiple by 703. The body mass index could also be determined by the division of weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. When the value specified is more than 30, then the individual is classified as obese.
The etiology of obesity is dependent on many factors that are either inherited or attributed to the individual’s characteristics. Genetics play a significant role in the development of obesity as the inheritance of genes occurs down the generation tree. In this form of obesity, the individual’s factors do not play any contributory role in the manifestation of excessive weight gain. Another contributory factor to the development of obesity is the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle is a form of life that completely eludes physical exercise in that individuals do not practice running, walking, lifting, or even jogging.
Hormones that regulate body functions as well as in family planning methods also predispose an individual to obesity. The hormones speed up the storage of fat into reserves in the body, leaving no room for a breakdown. Additionally, pregnancy, which is influenced by hormones, also leads to the buildup of fat reserves in the body. Amid the contributory factors, poor diet remains the leading cause of excessive weight gain. The influence of high-calorie food supersedes most of the discussed factors as it directly increases the fat reserves in the body.
The first-line intervention to obesity is often diet management through diet planning. Diet planning includes the deliberate analysis of food ingestion over a while and concurrent formulation of a nutrition plan to cater to the body’s requirements. The creation of nutrition plans helps to elude possibilities of excess fat in the diet as well as over nutrition. On failure of the intervention, the adoption of physical exercise would suffice in the eradication of excessive fat reserves. Performing tasks in daily life help in the breakdown of fats and oils stored in the body to produce energy, thereby reducing body weight. The intervention necessitates the patient to combine a proper diet with a physically intensive lifestyle in the quest to reduce weight.
If these measures fail, gastric bypass surgery would be effective in reducing the intake of food into the body. Andersson et al. (2019) outline that a gastric bypass surgery reduces the volume of the stomach, thereby decreasing the amount of food any individual could ingest in any feeding instance. The utilization of this intervention occurs if all known methods are not successful in the reduction of weight. The delay in adopting this method is due to the risk of the development of surgical complications and vitamin b12 deficiency. In essence, obesity is dependent upon many factors that include hormones, pregnancy, poor dieting, sedentary lifestyles, and genetic influences with food planning and physical exercise proving to be effective.
References
Andersson, D. P., Dahlman, I., Eriksson Hogling, D., Bäckdahl, J., Toft, E., Qvisth, V., … & Arner, P. (2019). Improved metabolism and body composition beyond normal levels following gastric bypass surgery: a longitudinal study. Journal of internal medicine, 285(1), 92-101.
Hung, S. P., Chen, C. Y., Guo, F. R., Chang, C. I., & Jan, C. F. (2017). Combine body mass index and body fat percentage measures to improve the accuracy of obesity screening in young adults. Obesity research & clinical practice, 11(1), 11-18.
Middlemiss, J. E., & McEniery, C. M. (2017). Feeling the pressure:(path) physiological mechanisms of weight gain and weight loss in humans. Hypertension Research, 40(3), 226 236.