Oral Language Strategies
First Article
Topic
Natural Language Oral Communication in Humans Under Stress. Linguistic Cognitive Coping Strategies for Enrichment of Artificial Strategies
The article’s topic focuses on how change in individuals’ mood causes a change in the linguistic coping strategies. The main objective of the article is to determine the linguistic coping strategies developed by people with stress because of the psychological structure (Anikushina, 2018). The article also aims to examine the differences that exist in oral communication in a foreign language for people with different backgrounds. The author focuses on how psychological parameters and physiological parameters influences the linguistic performance of persons who are stressed. The topic definition by the author of the article is clear to the audience. The author uses a topic that is self-explanatory to ensure that the audience can easily understand the ideas explained in the article.
Main Ideas
Psycholinguistics is a discipline that investigates cognitive processes in human beings such as oral production. Psycholinguistics analyses the natural language processes in human beings; therefore, the discipline is very critical in the development of artificial intelligence (Anikushina, 2018). By understanding how human cognitive strategies change with their mood, this new knowledge can be applied in the advancement of computer systems. The linguistic performance for individuals under stress is different for the linguistic performance of individuals who are free from any stress. Linguistic performance may differ in terms of linguistic quality or linguistic quantity. Linguistic quality entails grammar and the word choice while the linguistic quantity involves the willingness to speak.
The author of the article performed an experiment to analyze the communication of different groups of individuals. The groups of individuals who were involved in the experiment were of different age and a different gender. However, all the individuals used in the data collection process shared only one parameter where English was not their first language (Anikushina, 2018). The author illustrates the effective methods used to set up different groups of individuals who were employed in data collection. Prior to the experiment, the individuals were tested on knowledge of English language. The participants then underwent physiological and psychological tests. The participants who showed signs of stress were separated from the group of participants who had no stress, and the linguistic performance data of the two groups were collected and compared for the analysis. Stress affects the linguistic performance of individuals in terms of the speed of communication, word choice, grammar, and information quality.
Conclusion
People who are under stress registers low linguistic performance because stress makes individuals develop an unwillingness to communicate. Also, people who use a foreign language in their communication have poor oral language communication skills (Anikushina, 2018). Individuals have different language cognitive coping models under stress because of their physiological and psychological structure. Understanding the different cognitive coping models in human beings helps to programme artificial intelligence systems more precisely to enable the systems to understand natural human speech in a better way. In addition, understanding the human language cognitive coping models of individuals under different moods makes human-machine communication more effective, quicker, and easier. The author suggested that the outcome of this study should help to individualize artificial intelligence systems concerning the needs of the people or groups of people.
Reflection
The data collected by the author supports the conclusions made in the article. The data was collected from two groups of individuals. One group of individuals had a certain level of stress while the other group of individuals had no stress. The data revealed that the linguistic performance of individuals varies with the mood of the individuals, which is per the conclusions made by the author in the study. The experiment results were related to the author’s expectations. The research can be improved by incorporating more participants in the data collection method. Also, participants who use English as their first language should be included in the data collection process as the control group of the experiment. The main subject that I have learned from this particular research is that the mood of individuals affects the oral language strategies that the individuals’ copes. People under stress registers poor oral communication performance.
Second Article
Topic
Oral Communication Strategies in English as a Foreign Language
Many countries in the world include the study of English communication in their syllabuses. Different strategies are employed in teaching students in these countries English language that is not their first language (Krohn, 2017). The topic of the article is precise and clear in that it focuses on communication strategies used in teaching English as a foreign language. Because of a lack of information regarding communication strategies in Swedish syllabus for English, the main objective of the study as per the article is to investigate the current research about these communication strategies in Sweden (Krohn, 2017). Furthermore, the study seeks to identify whether previous research suggests methods to be used in relation to these communication strategies. All learners of a foreign language are faced with problems such as lack of words in their communication. Oral communication strategies and linguistic strategies help learners of a foreign language to improve communication and to overcome the communication obstacles. In my opinion, the statements used by the author while defining and introducing the topic are clear and easily understandable.
Main Ideas
The author of the article focused on the already existing researches about oral communication strategies to meet the objectives of his research. Articles of empirical studies, licentiate thesis, and syllabuses for English in upper secondary education were used as the sources in establishing the existing data about oral communication strategies (Krohn, 2017). Empirical studies about oral communication strategies have been carried out in different parts of the world, and these provided a wide perspective of data for the author of the article. Communication strategies focus on comprehension aiming to understand cognitive processes affecting language use. The data from the previous research was accurately analyzed using explicit and straightforward methods to meet the objectives of the research.
Conclusion
Oral communication strategies vary from one education level to another. The strategies are effective in increasing the communication performance of English in Sweden (Krohn, 2017). Teachers should explicitly educate students on oral communication strategies to increase the proficiency of the students in the English language, which is a foreign language in Sweden.
Reflection
In my opinion, the data collected by the author support the conclusion made in the article. The author aimed to establish the effect oral communication strategies had on the learners using English as a foreign language. The author used articles to collect the data required, and simple methods were used to analyze the collected data. The author used peer-reviewed articles in his research, which assured the authenticity of the collected data. To improve this particular research, the author should carry out his field survey to establish how communication strategies affect language use among learners of a particular foreign language. Also, interviews and questionnaires should be included in this research to avail a wide range of data for analysis. By reading and critiquing this specific article, I have learned that oral communication strategies help learners to improve on the use of a particular foreign language.
References
Anikushina, V., Taratukhin, V., & von Stutterheim, C. (2018). Natural Language Oral Communication in Humans Under Stress. Linguistic Cognitive Coping Strategies for Enrichment of Artificial Intelligence. Procedia computer science, 123, 24-28.
Krohn, M., & Kindbom, C. (2017). Oral Communication Strategies in English as a Foreign Language.