Pathological Assessment Assignment
Critical Thinking
Clinical Manifestations
Mr. C is suffering from obesity and reports swollen ankles, increasing shortness of breath, and pruritus over the past six months. The current clinical manifestations include high blood pressure, sleeping apnea, and metabolic diseases as per recent medical assessment. The objective data indicate a high level of glucose indicative of obesity, pitting edema, and elevated triglycerides. However, the patient has a low HDL (High-Density lipoprotein) level that indicates a healthy heart and a lower risk of developing heart disease.
Potential Obesity Health Risks
The potential health risks related to obesity include type two diabetes, high blood pressures, coronary heart disease due to elevated cholesterol level of 250ml, and elevated triglycerides. Studies indicate that obesity accounts for an 80 percent risk of developing diabetes, hence the most likely health risk for Mr. C (Da Luz et al., 2018). The most appropriate intervention for Mr. C to mitigate is to cut weight. With the current level of glucose, MR. C is already pre-diabetic; hence losing weight will deter developing type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
Bariatric surgery is a beneficial and appropriate intervention for deterring health risks in this patient. Bariatric surgery requires one to have extreme obesity (body mass index higher than 40) or BMI of 35-40 but with an obese related condition such as hypertension, severe sleep apnea, or type 2 diabetes – Mr. x meets this condition. Nonetheless, Mr. C must comply with the recommended EBP lifestyle changes to cut on his weight through correct diet and physical exercise. Evident has shown significant benefits of bariatric surgery in improving obesity-related disorders and reduced mortality rates (Batterham, & Cummings, 2016). Since Mr. C is already morbidly obese, the most fundamental aspect is to reduce weight through lifestyle change.
Mr. C.’s functional health patterns
The following aspects should be looked into when assessing the life pattern of the patient:
- Health-perception and health-management _ since the patient is at high risk of developing an obese related disorder, counseling, and education is needed to help Mr. C understand and comply with recommended lifestyle changes through a healthy diet and physical exercises.
- Nutritional and metabolic _ Dietary needs for Mr. C will comprise of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, plant oils, healthy protein such as beans, fish, and poultry (Da Luz et al., 2018). Limited sugared beverages and processed foods like refined grains, potatoes, red meat, and fast foods.
- Coping-stress tolerance: The patient can manage stress by engaging in physical exercise, drinking a lot of water, using stress-relieving strategies, eating healthy foods, and practicing mindful eating
- Physical activity-exercise: It appears that C is currently not engaged in any physical exercise in his daily life. I recommend setting up an exercise program which begins slowly and increased gradually as he gets accustomed to the exercise (Da Luz et al., 2018)
- Elimination: The patient is advised to increase the intake of water and fiber to foster his elimination and maintain a regular bowel movement
- Sleep and rest: Considering that he has sleep apnea, losing weight and becoming active would better his sleeping habit and reduce apnea. However, the C-PAAP machine can also be used to eliminate sleeping problems.
The staging of end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
ESRD is a permanent stage of chronic kidney disease. A kidney malfunctioning characterizes the condition to less than 10 percent normal (Sim et al., 2017). The condition affects the glomeruli structures in the kidneys tasked with filtering wastes from the blood. The risk factors for ESRD include diabetes, heart diseases, high blood pressure, urinary tract blockages, and drug abuse. Family history, certain genetic disorders, and inflammation are other factors contributing to ESRD condition.
ESRD prevention and health promotion ought to target contributing factors, such as diabetes and heart diseases (Sim et al., 2017). Lab report indicates a serum creatinine of 1.8 mg/d and BUN 32 mg/dl suggests normal kidney functioning. To deter future ESRD events and related conditions, prevention, and health promotion strategies will be implemented. For avoiding deterioration of renal status and promote the health of Mr. C, education on exercise, diet, regular physical examination, smoking cessation, and medication.
Resources for ESRD Patients
Different types of resources available for non-acute care include educational resources such as newsletters, coaches, online media, etc. for patients at high risk of developing ESRD condition. The financial resources are also available through an improved Medicare plan for patients with kidney problems. The multidisciplinary approach should comprise professionals from the health care and technology sector. Devices such as smartphones have become essential tools for disseminating information to the patients and those at high risk of developing ESRD. It is also vital to have a favorable living condition and appropriate return to employment formula for the patients.
Conclusion
The essay indicates that Mr. C is suffering from high blood pressure, sleeping apnea, and metabolic diseases as per recent medical assessment. The patient is at the prospect of developing an obesity-related condition such as type of two diabetes, high blood pressures, and coronary heart disease. Bariatric surgery is a beneficial and appropriate intervention for deterring health risks in this patient. The analysis identified risk factors for ESRD as diabetes, heart diseases, high blood pressure, urinary tract blockages, and drug abuse.
References
Batterham, R. L., & Cummings, D. E. (2016). Mechanisms of diabetes improvement following bariatric/metabolic surgery. Diabetes care, 39(6), 893-901.
Da Luz, F. Q., Hay, P., Touyz, S., & Sainsbury, A. (2018). Obesity with comorbid eating disorders: Associated health risks and treatment approaches. Nutrients, 10(7), 829.
Sim, J. J., Batech, M., Danforth, K. N., Rutkowski, M. P., Jacobsen, S. J., & Kanter, M. H. (2017). End-stage renal disease outcomes among the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Creatinine Safety Program (Creatinine SureNet): opportunities to reflect and improve. The Permanente journal, 21.