Forensic Psychology Guidelines
Introduction
Race in the 20th century in the united states of America has a weak correlation with social justice. The justice system pass judgment based on the color of the suspect. The color disparities influenced the Judiciary process. The judiciary system recognized the whites as more superior and less harmful to other human beings’ lives. Crime associated with the black people in the united states of America. The more the correlation factors of race and criminal justice turn to negative, the society experience a lot of other races’ exploitation. The poor relationship originates from the slavery act performed in the 18th century. The history of the poor relation in the united states of America occurs as follows.
Racism in criminal justice hinders justice to the people of a certain community. Racial discrimination affects the judiciary process. Those seeking justice ends up with disappointment since they are not given the justice rule. Historical events describe how the relationship between race and criminal justice is defined in different communities. Historical events of African-American citizen exploitation by the ruling whites give all accounts of all that happen in the 19th century. The criminal system in place did not favor African-American citizens. The whites use the slavery system to give out the criminal decision with the help of exclusion and segregation patterns. Civil war and the bill of rights is against the slavery action of the whites. The rights focus on the rights of equal protection. Racial discrimination forced states to implement Jim Crow laws. African-American citizens were subjected to slaves’ code implemented by whites to ensure the black people’s exploitation continues. Examples of how the slave codes affected criminal justice decisions are that African-Americans denied voting rights and socialization.
In the 19th century, the court enforced the Jim Crow laws until the 20th century. However, African-American were given other punishments such as lynching by a police officer. According to Smith (2000), 3000african-American were lynched for the period between the mid of the 19th century and the earlier 20th century. The act’s main cause is because of world war I. The irony behind the failure of this criminal system is that those who perform the lynching actions were merely prosecuted. Another example is the establishment of the Spanish colonies introduced in the united states in the 16th century. It occurs earlier on the Anglo-American presence loss of Mexican territories to the united states of America express the weak criminal justice in place but did not function well. In the current state of the well-being of the African-American citizen have been vandalized by police service actions. The racial discrimination process has caused inadequate justice ruling to the suspected blacks to have committed a crime.
History of racial discrimination surrounds all the centuries from the 19th century up to the 21st century. For example, Black American people, Martin Luther King jr, focus on ensuring the criminal justice system does not serve based on differences in the American people’s race. Malcolm also fought for African-American people relating to the racial discrimination system set by the whites and criminal justice. Thee police action against the black American, George Floyd, expresses how today’s criminal justice has racial discrimination serving the citizen of America’s united states despite color differences. Using the past racial discrimination action in the judiciary system and the present racial activities by law enforcement agencies, we need to focus on reducing racial discrimination for the following reasons.
Reduce Prison overcrowding. Allow the different bodies in the judiciary system to work effectively. More people convicted of the crimes they did not commit increases the numbers of inmates in American prisons. American prisons’ population has overs five million race discriminated American prisons who 70% have been released on probation. The main problem arises as most American prisons were not meant to hold on the many prisoners. The cause of crowding in the American correctional is an outcome of low capital invested in the criminal justice systems. The poor criminal justice system has been nonviolent offenders. Nonviolent offenders have been wrongly accused of crimes they did not commit. The crimes are related to race differences experience in most of the criminal justice system. The systems include the investigation agencies, the court process, and the correctional facilities. Prison overcrowding is set on the varieties of issues that need to be addressed. Mass incarceration based on unfair drug charges is one of the blame people believe to be the American people. Prison overcrowding and the fight against drugs has a positive correlation as more of the inmates are charged with drug trafficking. Strict rules set in America’s united states on drug abuse facilitate the overcrowding of many correctional facilities. Drug addiction causes more mental problems on many Latin and blacks; hence, they wind up in prison for a long period than expected. According to penal reform international, the act of prison overcrowding is associated with the criminal justice system instead of increasing crime rates. Overcrowding affects the ability of the correctional facilities to deliver basic human needs to the inmates. The basic human needs include educational programs on the inmates or funding the correctional facilities staff to attain more training or education.
Mandatory minimization of sentencing laws. Allow focusing on different ways of sentencing to meet the correctional facilities need. The law should give those who have not committed serious crimes to work away and find their lives outside the prison facilities. The laws should specify each time for the different charges on the offenders. If the offenders are found guilty in court, the process should ready to accommodate them at the different correctional facilities in the country. Many states in America’s united states hold mandatory minimum sentencing law to allow free and fair judgment by the judiciary system. Prosecutors use the mandatory minimum sentencing laws to victimize the defendant of long-term jail instead of fair and free judgment. We need to reform our criminal system based on mandatory laws because laws call for hard-black or white reasoning and take way the free and fair powers invested in them on the circumstances hence face harsh treatment. The federal laws set to accommodate those convicted with drug crimes are sentenced for a long period compared to any other crimes charged in the united states. For example, most of those convicted with drugs crime have to serve more than forty years in prison. Mandatory laws include the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 that proposed that those guilty of five grams of crack, five grams of meth, 100 kilograms of marijuana are charged five years.
Harsh treatment on low-level offenders as the law is abused and mistaken for the difference in the color of the united states’ people. Those convicted of drug addiction are associated with the other races apart from the whites. The Latin and the blacks are believed to be the most addicted to drug trafficking; hence there is no doubt in the criminal justice system to judge racial differences. Low-level offenders do not have vital information on the drug criminal communities; hence, they are not given a second chance to prove guilty.
Racism in the prison system has raised the criminal system’s reason to focus on regulating the most unnecessary racial judgment. The research conducted by Pew Research Center (2016) the racial disparities had their distribution as the criminal justice system had their distribution as follows. African-Americans had a total of 12% of the whole united states of the American population but which, if compared to the prison population, accounts for 33% of the prison emperor. Caucasians accounted for up to 64% of the general population but only 30% of the total prison population. However, Hispanics were about 16% of America’s general population and 23% of all correctional facilities in the world.
Color differences have also contributed to racism. People are incarcerated in most states, and the federal prisons increase as the five times as the white people. Rate of African-Americans accused of criminal activities in which, if you compare with the whites, the rate is 10 to one of the whites. All racial discrimination happens in most states of the united states, such as Lowa, Minnesota, new jersey, Vermont, and Wisconsin, which are the white’s dominants states. In the united states of America, incarceration rates have been reported to be high in Oklahoma. The rate indicates for every 15-black male, one or more are held in prison. The data can be put into consideration and comparison made on the different races. Reports from the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) state that the likelihood of any black person being arrested on marijuana possession is 3.37 times compared to the white individual. Race discrimination also affects Latinos and Hispanics. The effect came as a result of 1.4 times as the whites. The comparison between blacks and Hispanic shows that blacks are twice the Hispanic in the American prison.
Reform implementation will help the criminal justice system face the increasing rate of the negative relationship between the criminal justice system and race disparities. Reforms require the implementation of Acts that will protect the human rights of each and any individual in the united states of America despite the race. The approach includes public events and government intervention to ensure that justice served in respective of class, gender, and the race of American citizens. The plea to bring racial disparities by the criminal justice system has been boosted by most government and non-governmental agencies. These agencies include the American legislative exchange council, which fights for the harsh criminal laws and fights to rehabilitate the defendants.
Penal reform international support for fair and effective criminal justice systems in the whole world. The sentencing project is also behind the regular and effective activities in the whole country for the past 30 years. The Brennan center for justice is an institute that focuses on law and policy at New York University (NYU), promoting reforms in the American justice system. The innocent project fights for those who are wrongly convicted of the crimes they did not commit. They push for reforms on the criminal justice system to stop the process of wrongful convictions. We fight for reforms in the criminal system to focus on ensuring that all human rights are taken into consideration.
Serve the community. Hence ethical issues should focus on enabling the community to understand the best ways to approach racial relations. Ethical issues involve the activities that will ensure the criminal justice system’s process applies all the necessary measures taken to facilitate all the activities in the criminal justice system. The main issues involved in ethics facilitate by educating the public on the development of approaches to reduce disparity. It will involve working with the community members to enhance on educating and creating awareness on topics that focus on race relations and social effectiveness. Educating the community should focus on the role of the police instead of racial tension. We advocate for additional capital to initiate the whole process to educate the community on social ethics on race relations. However, through the development of community policy, that will ensure we develop principles of criminal justice that tend to work for the citizens instead of working against the citizens.
They are led by an example of all the criminal justice staff to ensure racial equality in all matters about the court verdict. The judges in the criminal justice system should work as an example to ensure that justice served at all costs. The criminal systems should follow and learn from others who worked on promoting racial equity in the community. The role model plays a key part in the development of free and fair judgment. The role model allows the community and criminal justice to imitate how the individual in question works to achieve the set standards of fair and free judgment. Role model increases personal self-esteem; hence the fight against racial discrimination ends up being a successful process.
Criminal justice should respect each individual’s rights in society despite the differences in the race of the societies. Also, people should respect the criminal procedure set in place to deliver justice in the society. Human rights should be the key terms at all accounts that will ensure justice is served. Failure to identify the reasonable human rights to adhere to, excessive force will apply. The excessive force will never mind the set limits of human rights, and their main aim is to restore order.
On the other hand, criminal justice ethics that any force used in the line of duty on race disparities apply to the situation present. All ethical code requires both states and the federal government to collaborate on restoring racial equity. The federal government should be involved in different ways to ensure that racial discrimination in the criminal justice system should be eradicated. The process explains why we need to involve the federal government in restoring racial equity in criminal justice as followed.
The federal government contributes to the racial discrimination control measures in three ways. The three ways and functions represent different government bodies that work to enact measures to ensure all communities of criminal justice. The bodies are the legislature, judiciary, and the executive government bodies. Fighting racial discrimination requires in the criminal justice system requires all federal government officials to focus on safeguarding human rights and ensuring the persistence of justice in all offenders despite the race. The government’s legislative body will ensure that the law passed to focus on promoting racial equity in mater of criminal affairs. Legislative fix sentences, and providing approval of enough funds that will ensure the criminal justice agencies will facilitate the true process of promoting racial equity.
The judiciary focus on promoting racial equity as they play a key role in administering the set rules and regulation. The judiciary facilitates the adjudicating of the guilty individuals without any interference from the racial background. They follow the set principles in ensuring that all the set rules are followed to allow all the offenders to be charged according to their crimes, not color. The judiciary system directs and empowers the court to evaluate different legislative acts and confirm if they abide by and protect the national constitution. All the conflict laws based on racial differences are reviewed by the judiciary system and taken back the legislative body to be reviewed.
The executive branch plays a key role in supervising of governors and mayors. The process facilitates eliminating racial differences in the criminal justice system’s fields at their respective position of governing. Funding of the judiciary system is the key role of ensuring that all the needed resources are put in place to improve criminal justice and fight against racial disparities. The executives pay the salary of those individuals employed at the judiciary system. Funding of the judiciary process should be bounded to discourage racial disparities in the action taken.
The three bodies stream downward to focus on the justice system and hoe it enhances justice to all the citizens. The justice system will promote racial equity in three departments as directed by the three-body that governs all the activities in any nation. The departments include the police, courts, and corrections departments. Each department has well-established objectives and rules that will work to conserve racial equity. They are mandatory to conserve human life despite the color differences.
Conclusion
Criminal justices facilitate a good chance that helps in correcting the offender’s behaviors. The correction of all the arms available will ensure a smooth process of differentiating between race disparities and the criminal justice system. People should not be victimized because of racial differences. Instead, they should provide justice to all the citizens equally. All the governing agencies should work together to facilitate the equity process in the justice system. The agencies should allow a smooth criminal process in determining who is guilty and who is not. Ethical measures should be everyone’s responsibility to ensure that race and justice are not related; hence, the crimes committed are considered serious despite the ethnic origin.