Several complications are associated with diabetes mellitus
Several complications are associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the hyperglycemia complications associated with diabetes. This complication require emergency medical attention, lack of which could result in a coma or death. DKA commonly occurs among the diabetes type 1 patients. However, that does not mean that the type 2 diabetes patients are immune from encountering the condition. CCC noted that DKA emanates from the insulin shortage, prompting the body to burn the fatty acids and produce acidic ketone bodies, resulting in most complications and symptoms. Ketones’ accumulation in the blood is toxic for the body. The authors noted that DKA could be the first sign of an undiagnosed case of diabetes. However, it could occur among patients who know that they are diabetic, due to several factors. These are such as underlying illness and lack of proper adherence to the insulin treatment methods. KK added that DKA could also be due to acute myocardial infarction, surgery, cocaine use, elongated exercise, and infections.
A modification of the insulin dosage or health conditions such as heart attack could cause the DKA. The symptoms of DKA could appear quick, and patients should immediately contact their doctor. KK noted that symptoms of DKA include deep and rapid breathing, abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, and semi-consciousness. CCC highlighted additional symptoms as including confusion and occasional coma. The patient could also experience weakness, paleness, and irritability. AAA outlined the patients breathing as a distinguishing factor in the hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia crisis. In the former, the patients breathing is deep and rapid, while it is normal in the latter. CCC noted that DKA is diagnosed through a blood and urine tests. The presence of high blood sugar levels differentiates DKA from other forms of ketoacidosis. DKA can affect a patient from any age group, and it is preventable through adherence to medical instructions
The aim of the DKA treatment is the reduction of the high blood sugar level, inhibiting ketone production with insulin and the replacement of the lost water and electrolytes. MMM outlined the addition of phosphate is part of the DKA treatment aiming at the reversal of ketoacidosis and facilitating symptomatic improvement. Cccc observed that for patients admitted to the intensive care units due to DKA, they have a cardiac monitor and insertion of nasogastric tube to avoid aspiration. The treatment methods aim at brining the body back to its normal functioning. The fluid administration could be through the veins or orally until the patient is properly hydrated. Insulin therapy could also be initiated to reverse the processes that resulted in DKA. These treatment methods are started with consultation of the patient if stable. CCC noted that the amount of water is dependent on the level of dehydration. Rapid infusion of saline could be opted in situation of hypovolemic shock.