TAKE HOME EXAM

TAKE HOME EXAM

Agents of socialization constitute populations or institutions that bring about the socialization of different entities within a given society. Often, sources of socialization that exist for different cultures and thus contribute to the renowned agents of socialization. The agents of socialization include that influence gender role in contemporary society. Such agents of socialization constitute media, schools, peers, parents, among others. In essence, media convey diverse info that majors on gender roles (Huang et al. 1841). For instance, various films emphasize the acceptable values and behaviors for different genders. The socialization of children with peers facilitates the development of gender beliefs about their roles and hence gender identity.

Besides, parents constitute the primary source of information for their children. Since confinement, children receive education on their expectations from the society depending on sex. For instance, over the decades, fathers taught boys diverse roles such as roughhousing, while mothers taught the daughters household chores such as baby-sitting.  Besides, schools play a role in shaping gender roles. Notably, schools constitute teachers and administrators who play a role in modeling gender roles. For instance, school activities are often categorized for boys and girls. The process reinforces boys and girls into adapting to views and assumptions that demonstrate gender stereotypes.

Question B

In essence, the behavioral difference notable amid men and women in diverse societal populations owes to the process of socialization. The social structure of the family plays a role in gender differences in society. Pink tax constitutes the additional tax charged on services and products directed towards the female populations. The divisions of labor for males and females in society contribute to gender inequalities. Notably, children acquire values, attitudes, and activities based on the cultural belief of the community. As such, family, through the societal norms, contributes to gender inequalities.

Moreover, the family instills messages that may limit the child based on their gender. Communication amid the family members imparts gender roles on the members and may result in gender stereotypes. It contributes to the gender gaps in payment per hour for both females and males. For instance, in a family where the father is the sole provider, the daughters may be limited in the future. It would mean that the females would be limited in engaging other professions as they are endorsed to male groups. It is because the female gender learns the difference and thus poses challenges when later on when choosing a career. With the pink tax, feminine products cost more than that of the male population. It is because of the existence and prominence of stereotypes. The stereotypes are attributed to the family teachings and the mass media. Because of gender inequalities, females are charged more than males; thus, prevail in discrimination.

Moreover, the oversimplified conceptions on female tasks contribute to the gender pay gaps notable that bring about gender inequalities. Besides, the behavioral norms from the media place women in low paying industries and males in high paying industries. For instance, according to (), women receive approximately 75 of every dollar that their male counterparts acquire. Thus, gender inequality contributes to the perception of activities in different industries as considered appropriate for both males and females. Thus, the gaps in salaries for both males and females in society.

Moreover, the media contribute to gender inequalities since they serve as avenues for couching different genders on different roles. Media also play a role in gender inequality in marketing different female products in a higher percentage compared to other products. Besides, the media often attributes female characters as less significant. For instance, in the US, some states regard menstrual products as non-necessities. As a result, products for women cost approximately 50% more compared to that of their male counterparts. Thus, the stereotypical roles contribute to gender inequalities notable in contemporary society. Schools contribute to gender inequality through the institution of different gender-based activities. In instances where the mass media refer to women as dehumanizing, schools are responsible for giving correct insights to students so that they can acquire appropriate beliefs that reduce gender inequalities.

Question 2

Safe school laws that protect LGBTQ constitute anti-bullying laws. The laws protect them from harm based on their sexual orientation. When such laws are non-existence, the groups may face emotional challenges, including depression, engagement in drug abuse, among others. Besides, it becomes difficult for LGBT groups to learn to accept themselves and deal with their perception of other people. As a result, students may face stress issues that affect their mental health. Besides, the absence of state laws that hinder schools from incorporating identity to the anti-bullying laws prevents the group from overcoming the societal stigma of their sexual orientation. Consequently, mental illness such as depression because of stress and social stigma results in financial burdens for the group. It is because the costs for seeking health for their psychological concerns may be overwhelming. The psychological issues may contribute to school dropouts. Besides, since mental health is a long-standing concern, it may affect the groups’ later employment.

In essence, conversion therapy laws protect the LGBTQ groups from being subjected to the therapy that attempts to alter their sexual identity and orientation. The absence of such laws subjects the groups to harmful practices that may affect their existence. Lack of conversion therapy laws puts the youths and adolescents involved in challenging situations. It provokes guilt among the groups as most of them go through the therapy without consent, especially for children. Besides, conversion therapy has limited potential for attaining alterations in orientation. The cost of conversion therapy may strain the financial resources of the involved persons. It is because of the hefty price of the treatment, yet successful rates remain low at approximately 25% (Badgett 125). Besides, it may hinder academic achievement as the therapy affects the personal feelings and attitudes of the individuals. Moreover, it intrudes on the educational experience of the individuals. Similarly, the absence of laws means the conversion therapy that has effects on self-esteem. Thus, individuals may face challenges in the workplace due to their altered self-image.

Safe school laws ensure that LGBTQ students remain protected from discrimination while learning in different institutions. The absence of laws that protect against discrimination puts LBTQ students on the verge of unfair deals. Besides, it denies diverse individuals access to school facilities and activities because of their gender orientation and identity. Moreover, it reduces gender parity and the unsuitable learning conditions full of being unsustainable. The absence of such laws infringes on the human rights of the victims to access services just like other regular individuals in society (Badgett 125). Discrimination possesses social and emotional challenges for the victims. On the other hand, financial constraints occur due to limitations in services. Limited resources may affect their existence in schools. Thus, it affects their healthy lives and their later lives.

Question 3

Question 3 a)

The digital divide constitutes the difference between individuals with access to internet speed in their homes and possesses smartphones compared to have no access.

1. b) The percentage of adults in urban areas who use the internet is more compared to those who

owns a smartphone and have subscribed to home broadband. The high percentage is contributed to their high-income levels of above 30k likely to be attributed to attainment of college educational levels. The rates compare to individuals living in suburban areas that are slightly lower. Individuals residing in rural areas have the lowest percentage of subscriptions to broadband, small internet usage percentage, and the ownership of smart-phones. The portion of that owns a phone and uses the internet is slightly higher than that of the teens. It is because the adults have more income earnings compared to the teens.

1. c) The Internet remains a fundamental source of information, and apparently, they form not only a basis for employees to communicate with their teams but also the quality of education. The Internet has played a role in increasing opportunities that enable learners to acquire wealthy information and educational resources. As for the teens, access to the internet remains fundamental in empowering the learners to take charge of their education. Ultimately, access to education increases the performance of the students, and studies depict that scores of diverse students increase with internet access.

Also, the use of the internet has bettered the lives of individuals in contemporary society. It is through the advanced speeding times following the invention of technologies that facilitates access to services in the comfort of homes. The adults can work from home with access to the internet with robots that have today taken over most inventions (Friemel & 325)Thomas. Besides, access to high-speed internet enables individuals to keep up with the latest information on different issues affecting them. Notably, low-income adults enjoy limited legislations and technology, which limits them from accessing important information for their daily existence.

Question 4

1. The working settings experienced in the meatpacking commerce in the 19^th and 20^th Upton Sinclair revealed the rotten meat that contributed to federal food security legislation (Graf, 910). The processing of the meat was not better in the centuries as they were jaw-dropping. Besides, the era was marked by unsanitary conditions Upton purposed to expose. The harsh working environment constituted exploitations that the immigrants went through. Evil capitalism was unearthed as well from Sinclair’s examination.
2. The potential concerns for the shifts to USDA packaging are because of zoonotic disease increasingly on the rise in contemporary society. Just like the novel coronavirus pandemic, it sprouts from the interaction between humans and animals. COVID-19 persists in being a highly contagious zoonotic disease that has shaken the world. Therefore, moving towards self-regulation and identifying contaminated meat benefits the whole society(Graf, 920). It is because it reduces the spread of zoonotic diseases that helps in improving the health and the life expectancy of diverse individuals.

Question 5

HealthCare (Issued Jan 18^th )

An example of a legislation conception rule temporarily blocked by the federal judge. The USA administration, with the contraception, mandated that employers opt-out in providing their employees birth control coverage. The law meant to offer an exemption to the federal legislation instituted through Obama’s affordable act era (Valencia 13). The temporary block of the rule would benefit consumers to enjoy contraceptive services without a cost. The cancellation of the law provided relief to women on birth control costs. Besides, it limited the burden of unplanned pregnancies for the workers. The removal of the legislation negatively favored religious groups, businesses, and organizations. It is because of the rule protected their rights; therefore, its cancellation affected them negatively. Similarly, companies and organizations provide their employees’ contraception coverage would strain the enterprises’ resources.

Immigration (Executive Action October 28^th )

An example of immigration legislation that was canceled entailed non-extension of Nicaraguans immigrants’ status but an extension to Hondurans. Trump delayed for Hondurans residing within the US milieu with a temporary residence. It was because of the arguments that homeland security needed additional period to make decisions on their fate. The cancellation of the legislation protected Nicaraguans ordered to vacate the USA (Valencia, 29). It was because of the claims that their temporary protected status could not be renewed by homeland security. On the other hand, the cancellation of the would affect the permanent refugees residing within the vicinity. It is because such individuals would lose their health insurance, license, and everything they worked to acquire.

Environment (Regulation Jan 6^th)

An example of environmental law in the process of cancellation is the emission standards characteristics for truck components. The rule was initially instituted by Obama to protect the environment from hazardous track emissions (Valencia, 31). Its cancellation would benefit the environment, including plants, animals, and humans as well. The rule negatively affected truck drivers because of the stiff measures on them. It also affected their operations, which meant strain in their resources and hence lead to losses for them.

Works cited

Badgett, Lee, Amanda Baumle, and Steven Boutcher. “Evidence from the Frontlines on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination.” Amanda and Boutcher, Steven, Evidence from the Frontlines on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination (July 1, 2018) (2018):125

Friemel, Thomas N. “The digital divide has grown old: Determinants of a digital divide among seniors.” New media & society 18.2 (2016): 313-331.

Graf, Rüdiger. “Truth in the Jungle of Literature, Science, and Politics: Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and Food Control Reforms during the Progressive Era.” Journal of American History 106.4 (2020): 901-922.

Huang, Hsiu-Chin, et al. “The Effects of Locus of Control, Agents of Socialization and Sport Socialization Situations on the Sports Participation of Women in Taiwan.” International journal of environmental research and public health 16.10 (2019): 1841.

Valencia, Adrián Sotelo. “Donald Trump and Imperialist Praxis.” United States in a World in Crisis. Brill, 2019. 12-39.