Temper Tantrum Case Study

 Temper Tantrum Case Study

Form 3: Article Summary

The purpose of this form is to organize the five (5) scholar article summaries related to the case study. Please use APA format and summarize using at least 6-8 sentences. If you are using electronic websites they MUST BE   .org/.edu/.gov URL.

1. Title Article 1: Children’s Temper Tantrums Information.

APA Reference for Article 1:

Children’s Temper Tantrums Information. (2020). Retrieved 28 April 2020, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14406-temper-tantrums

Summary (6-8 sentences):

In this article, the Cleveland clinic defines temper tantrums as unplanned outbursts of frustration and anger. Tantrums can either be verbal or physical outbursts involving a child’s undesirable and disruptive behaviour for need or want of something. Tantrums are typical for children when they are learning to become independent. For children, tantrums are frequent between one and four years of age, then decline when children state school. In normal circumstances, tantrums last between two and fifteen minutes. However, temper tantrums that last longer than fifteen may indicate serious problems that need further help from pediatricians. According to the article, signs for temper tantrums include breath-holding, crying, shouting and tensing the body. In case a child exhibits signs of tantrum, parents or guardians should stay calm and ignore the tantrums. By ignoring the temper tantrum, the child learns that such disruptive behaviour is ineffective and unacceptable.

2. Title Article 2: Assessment, management, and prevention of childhood temper tantrums.

APA Reference for Article 2:

Daniels, E., Mandleco, B., & Luthy, K. E. (2012). Assessment, management, and prevention of childhood temper tantrums. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 24(10), 569-573.

Summary (6-8 sentences):

Daniels and other authors provide an overview of a child’s abnormal and normal temper tantrum behaviours while giving recommendations that NPs can utilize in family counselling sessions. The article indicates that temper tantrums are the most common behavioural challenges in children and account for referral reasons to pediatric behavioural therapists. An estimated  5 % to 7 % of children between the one and three years show signs of temper tantrums lasting for fifteen minutes. Also, the temper tantrum may occur at least three or more times weekly. Additionally, temper tantrum behaviours may extend in the later years of adolescence or childhood and children of this age group may have verbal outbursts and become violent or withdrawn. However, behaviour and mood in adolescents and children should resolve to normal between tantrums. Therefore, mental health nurse practitioners should differentiate between abnormal and normal temper tantrum behaviour and suggest effective strategies for management of temper tantrums in young children for concerned parents.

3. Title Article 3: Anger in children’s tantrums: A new, quantitative, behaviorally based model.

APA Reference for Article 3:

Potegal, M., & Qiu, P. (2010). Anger in children’s tantrums: A new, quantitative, behaviorally based model. In International handbook of anger (pp. 193-217). Springer, New York, NY.

Summary (6-8 sentences):

In this article, Potegal and other authors indicate the clinical importance of quantifying time course and intensity of excessive early childhood anger for later prediction of psychopathology in children. Also, anger consists of behavioural, physiological and experiential responses whose coherence sufficiently justifies the assumption of varying intensity for the common latent variable. The article points out that a probabilistic nonlinear relationship exists between various anger-driven tantrum behaviours and intensity of anger in children. Also, the behaviour for each child displaying tantrums is different.  The overall observation of various behaviour temporal distributions is also essential for the construction of entire anger trajectory across the tantrum since an individual’s behaviour provides indirect and partial anger intensity measures. Potegal and other authors also observed that low-intensity anger behaviours in children are likely to occur at the beginning and the end of the tantrum, however, high-intensity anger behaviours show a single early peak distribution.

4. Title Article 4: Characteristics of temper tantrums in preschoolers with disruptive behaviour in a clinical setting.

APA Reference for Article 4:

Eisbach, S. S., Cluxton-Keller, F., Harrison, J., Krall, J. R., Hayat, M., & Gross, D. (2014). Characteristics of temper tantrums in preschoolers with disruptive behaviour in a clinical setting. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 52(5), 32-40.

Summary (6-8 sentences):

The study described the diagnosis and clinical observations of the natural occurrences of tantrums in preschoolers aged between two and five and a half years having severe disruptive behaviours. This study recruited 24 mother-child dyads enrolled in an intensive treatment outpatient program. The clinicians observed and timed three hundred and thirty tantrums and rated the intensity of the tantrums. Besides, clinicians also recorded sixteen behaviour occurrences, precipitants of tantrums, interventions with their parents completing pre and post-treatment ACBC. The findings indicated low-intensity tantrums while 52% precipitation tantrums reported treatment noncompliance. The study outcomes attributed the early occurrence of tantrums to aggressive childhood behaviour with the later occurrence of distress behaviours. The parent survey findings indicated a perceived improvement in a child’s behaviour without tantrum behaviour change

5. Title Article 5: The anger–distress model of temper tantrums: associations with emotional reactivity and emotional competence.

APA Reference for Article 5:

Giesbrecht, G. F., Miller, M. R., & Müller, U. (2010). The anger–distress model of temper tantrums: associations with emotional reactivity and emotional competence. Infant and Child Development, 19(5), 478-497.

Summary (6-8 sentences):

In this article, Giesbrecht and other scientists assessed the model of anger distress for temper tantrums and the association of emotional competence and reactivity among temper tantrums in preschoolers’ community sample. The scientists measured typical behaviour tantrum frequencies using temper tantrum grid and parent-report measure. Parent and laboratory report measures administered emotional competence and emotional reactivity. Confirmatory analysis factors indicated that anger and distress are separate and overlap the process of the tantrum. Moreover, the analysis of correlation showed that emotional competence and emotional reactivity was related to distress and anger in a temper tantrum. However, the study failed to establish the notion that emotional competence moderates emotional reactivity effects on temper tantrums. On the contrary, emotional competence significantly mediated the association between a temper tantrum and emotional reactivity. The study outcomes indicated a systematic relationship between preschool children’s behavioural and emotional organization and temper tantrums in children.

Form 2: Diagnosis and Rule-Out

The purpose of this form is to organize the diagnosis of the client in your Case Study. This form will not be used for Case Study 11 & 14 – these have their own directions.

1. Name of Client__ Brandon________________________________________
2. Major Mental Health issue (please use F codes and the correct name of the disorder to include severity): F34.81 disruptive mood dysregulation
3. Personality Disorder and Neurodevelopment Disorders (please use F codes and the correct name of the disorder to include severity): N/A
4. Medical Condition(s): N/A
5. Level of Functioning and Potential Prognosis: The patient is academically capable but unable to make friends and has potential for disruptive mood dysregulation
6. Other Conditions that may be the focus of Clinical Attention (these are found in the DSM IV): N/A
7. Differential Diagnosis. The differential diagnosis for Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DSM V, pg. 176) includes bipolar and anxiety disorder.
8. Defend your diagnosis. The client has 3 of the 9 criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation

Comprehensive Bio-Psychosocial Assessment Instrument

Name: ___________Brandon_____________________________________________________ Gender: ________Male__________ Date of Birth: _____/______/_______
Marital Status __________Single____ Race/Ethnicity: _______White____________________ Languages Spoken: ________________________English_____________________________

Chief Complaint:

__________Brandon is suffering from temper tantrum that has contributed to declining school performance. ___________________________________________________________

History of Present Illness: _____The 12 year old patient presented to the initial appointment with temper tantrum. The clinical interview with the patient revealed past inability to make friends with the exception of those showing similar interests. Health history along with medical work is unremarkable. The results for tantrum screening indicated a score of_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Past Psychiatric/Psychological History:

The patient’s speech is nonspontaneous but coherent. An interview with the patient revealed signs of bullying by other children according to the stings of cellphone texts presented, which affected the patient’s mind perception of other children. However the client has no homicidal feelings or suicide ideation. The patient also showed no psychotic signs and was cognitively intact.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Past Medical History: ____The patient has unremarkable heath history with no medical signs of illness.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Past Surgical History: _________________N/A_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Allergies: ___________________N/A__________________________________________

Current Medication List

Past Medication List

Comments:

_____________________________N/A___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Drug/Alcohol Assessment

Suicidal/Homicidal Ideation

Is there a suicide risk? _no__ No ___ Yes
_No__ Previous attempt (When: _____________________________________________) ___ Current plan ___ Means to carry out plan ___ Intent ___ Lethality of plan
Is the patient dangerous to others? ___ Yes _No___ No
Does the patient have thoughts of harming others? ___ Yes _No__ No
If yes: Target: _________N/A_________________________________________________ Can the thoughts of harm be managed? _n/a__ Yes ___ No
___ Current plan ___Means to carry out plan ___ Intent ___ Lethality of plan
High risk behaviors
___ None ___ Cutting ___ Anorexia/Bulimia ___ Head Banging
___ Self injurious behaviors
___ Other: _______________________n/a______________________________________

Abuse Assessment

In the past year has the patient been hit, kicked, or physically hurt by another person? ____________________n/a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Is the patient in a relationship with someone who threatens or physically harms them? ________________________n/a________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Has the patient been forced to have sexual contact that they were not comfortable with? _________________________________n/a_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Has the patient ever been abused? ___ Yes ___ No. If yes, describe by whom, when and how. __________________________________n/a______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Family/Social History

Born/raised _________n/a_______________________________
Siblings __n/a_ # of brothers _n/a__ # of sisters
What was the birth order?  n/a____of ____ children
Who primarily raised the patient? _Mother__________________________________________
Describe marriages or significant relationships: _______________________n/a_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of children: ___________N/A__________________________________________
Current living situation: ____________ N/A ______________________________________
Military history/type of discharge: ____ N/A ______________________________________ Support/social network: __________________________________________________
Significant life events: ____________________________ N/A __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Family History of Mental Illness (which relative and which mental illness): ___________________________ N/A ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Employment

What is the current employment status? __ N/A _________________________________
Does the patient like their job? ___________ N/A __________________________________
Will this job likely be done on a long-term basis? _ N/A ______________________________
Does the patient get along with co-workers? __________________________________
Does the patient perform well at their job? ____________________________________
Has the patient ever been fired? Yes No If yes, explain _________________N/A_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How many jobs has the patient had in the last five years? ___________n/a_____________

Education

Highest grade completed: ____5^th Grade ___________________________________________ Schools attended: _______________________________________________________ Discipline problems: ____________________n/a_________________________________

Current Legal Status

_____ No legal problems __n/a___ Probation
__N/A___ Previous jail

Developmental History

__ N/A ___ Parole
__ N/A ___ Charges pending N/A _____ Has a guardian

Describe the childhood:
Describe the childhood in relation to personality, school, friends, and hobbies): _____ __The patient has an history of being quiet, shy and emotional disturbed and cries when provoked. Also the patient has few friends and likes playing with toys.___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Describe any traumatic experiences in the childhood: (List the age when they occurred) __The patient has an history of being bullied by schoolmates which makes him scared of school, according to the cell phone texts presented during the interview. ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ What is the patient’s sexual orientation? __n/a_ Heterosexual __n/a_ Homosexual
___ Bisexual

Spiritual Assessment

Religious background: ___________________________________________________
Does the patient currently attend any religious services? Yes No If yes, where. _______n/a_______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Cultural Assessment

List any important issues that have affected the ethnic/cultural background.

Financial Assessment

Describe the financial situation. _____________n/a___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___ Traumatic  ___ Painful ___ Uneventful

Coping Skills

Describe how the patient copes with stressful situations. _____n/a___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Is the patient’s coping methods: _n/a__ adaptive ___ maladaptive

Interests and Abilities

What hobbies does the patient have? _Playing with toys_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is the patient good at? __________________n/a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What gives the patient pleasure? _________n/a______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

MENTAL STATUS ASSESSMENT

(Describe any deviation from normal under each category.)

Arousal/Orientation

___ Alert ___ Sleepy ___ Attentive ___ Unresponsive ___ Oriented to person
___ Oriented to place ___ Oriented to time ___ Confused
___ Other: _____________Oriented in time place and person________________________________________________

Appearance

___ Well groomed ___ Good eye contact ___ Poor eye contact ___ Disheveled ___ Bizarre ___ Poor hygiene ___ Inappropriate dress
___ Other: The patient has below average eye contact_

___________________________________

Behavior/Motor Activity

___ Normal ____ Restless ____ Agitated ___ Lethargic
___ Abnormal facial expressions ___Tremors ___ Tics
___ Other:________Normal____________________________________________________

Mood/Affect

___ Normal ____ Depressed ___ Flat ____ Euphoric ___ Anxious ___ Irritable ___ Liable ___ Indifferent ___ Careless ___ Inability to sense emotions
___ Lack of sympathy
___ Other:________________N/A_____________________________________________

Speech

___ Normal ___ Nonverbal ___Slurred ___ Soft ___ Loud ___ Pressured ___ Limited ___ Incoherent ___ Halting ___ Rapid

___ Other: _______________Mumbled speech and repeats words or sections of words._____________________________________________

Attitude

___ Cooperative ___ Uncooperative ___Guarded ___ Suspicious ___ Hostile
___ Other: _____________________________________________________________

Thought Process

___ Intact ___ Flight of ideas ___ Tangential ___ Concrete thinking
___ Loose associations ___ Unable to think abstractly ___ Circumstantial

___ Neologisms ___ Racing ___ Word Salad
___ Other: __n/a __________________________________________________________

Thought Content

___ Normal ___ Phobia ___ Hypochondriasis ___ Delusions ___ Obsessive
___ Preoccupations
___ Other: _________n/a____________________________________________________

Delusions

___ None ___ Religious ___ Persecutory ___ Grandiose ___ Somatic
___ Ideas of reference ___Thought broadcasting ___Thought insertion
___ Other: _________________n/a___________________________________________

Hallucinations

___ None ___ Auditory hallucinations ___ Visual hallucinations
___ Command hallucinations
___ Other: _____n/a________________________________________________________ Describe: ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

Impulse Control

___ Normal ___ Partial ___ Limited ___ Poor ___ None
___ Frequently participates in activities without planning or thinking about them

Judgment

(What would you do if there was a fire in a crowded movie theater?) ___ Normal ____ Poor

Cognition/Knowledge

Orientation

___ Person ___ Place ___ Time

Attention

Can the patient spell W-O-R-L-D backwards? ___ Yes ___ No

Memory

Immediate recall of 3 objects ___/3 Recall after 5 minutes ___/3

Naming

Point out three objects. How many can the patient name? ___/3

Visual-spatial

Can the patient copy intersecting pentagons? ___ Yes ___ No

Praxis

Can the patient follow a three step command? ___ Yes ___ No

Calculations

Serial 7’s (how many times can the patient correctly subtract 7 from 100): __________

Abstractions

___ Comprehends ___ Does not comprehend

Insight

___ Normal ___ Poor
Is the patient able to meet their basic needs (e. g., food, shelter, medical):

___ Yes ___ No
If no, Describe: _________________n/a_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Functional Ability

Check the area of concern
___ None ___ Activities of daily living ___Work ___ Family relationships___ Social relationships ___ Cognitive functioning ___ Physical health
___ Housing ___ Impulse control ___ Social skills

___ Finances ___ School ___ Safety ___ Legal

Signature: _______________________________     Date: _______________________