The evolution of RNA to DNA
evolution of RNA to DNA is considered a significant event in life. The origin of DNA and its replication is regarded as a critical question to our understanding of the evolution of life. Some molecular biologist believed that life started with the appearance of the first DNA molecule. People like Watson and Crick suggested that DNA maybe replicated without protein. They wondered is a special enzyme was required to bring about polymerization or if the existing single helical chain acted as an effective enzyme. In modern cells, the DNA precursor (the four deoxyribonucleoties dNTPs) are created from the reduction of ribonucleotides. DNA, the hereditary material some say that it come to earth earlier than it was assumed. It is attributed that biological evolution that gave diversity of life in our planet was led by a phase of chemical evolution. During prebiotic age polymeric molecules were assembled as they were capable of storing information and reproducing themselves. The molecules were assembled from organic precursors foundon earth. It is said that the efficient replicators afterward evolved into the macromolecular information nucleic acid (DNA) and also RNA. genes have played a role in our generation as some of our traits either bad or good is transferred to our offsprings. Alzheimer disease is a genetic problem that as first descried by Lois Alzheimer in 1907. This disorder is characterized with memory loss to profound dementia and also death.
DNA technology has been widely used in different areas such as medicine and it has proven to be effective. DNA technology is proven to effective in cloning. Cloning is a process of making numerous or even duplicate copies of a gene. Cloning is effective as it helps in creating pest resistant plants, vaccine, heart attack treatment among others. DNA technology has made it possible to diagnose genetic disease example sickle –cell disease, Huntington disease among others. This has been successful since the diseases are genetically transferred from one generation to another. Hence those with such diseases are identified early and treated. DNA has further played a role in developing a vaccine. Such as shifting pathogens DNA segment and impersonating surface proteins of dangerous pathogens.
DNA is used in criminal justice system, in that DNA is used to recognize criminals accurately when biotic proof exist. DNA has brought in equality as those who were wrongfully arrested are cleared. DNA technology is increasingly important as it brings about accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system. In case of a crime, a DNA sample is taken from the suspect and compared to the DNA found in a crime scene.
Scientist are looking at the influence that genes plays on our behavior by the use of a mathematical formula referred as heritability estimate. It is identified that human behavior is influenced genes that we get and also the environment surrounding us. There exist a complex relationship between the environment and genes. Many researchers and scientist are now trying to figure out specific genes or a group of genes which area linked to behavioral personalities. Researchers in behavioral genetic s are investigating elements such as intelligence, sexual orientation, antisocial conduct among others. If genes that affects behavioral personalities are identified it will be hard or impossible to test due to variation of genes in each person.
Allergic condition are very common in the modern society. There are several allergic conditions which are grouped together when talking about allergies and genetic such as asthma, atopic eczema among others. Genes such as ORMDL3 and GSDML are linked to bring about an increase of early onset asthma. However, in the field of allergies and genetic they remain a lot to discover. Further studies need to be undertaken to broaden the understanding of genetic development and allergic conditions. Therefore, Researchers say that genetic alone cannot be the main cause of allergies as other factors may play a role in development of allergies condition. Professor Michael Owen played a crucial role in analyzing the impact of genetic risk across analytical boundaries and he later developed a hypothetical framework in order to under the relationship between different neurodevelopmental syndromes such as Alzheimer’s] disease, schizophrenia among others. Schizophrenia (SZ) is a common disorder that runs in a family. The disease is highly heritable. This intern has motivated many gene mapping studies and has improved its statues for the last two decades.