Artificial Intelligence Ethics
Bossmann, J. (n.d.). Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/
The article identifies the different ethical issues that are associated with artificial intelligence, the various effects they cause and how they are solved. Therefore, this gives a clear outline of how ethical issues affects the running of different activities.
Grey House Publishing. (2018). Artificial intelligence. Amenia, NY.
It explores the various ideas involving ethics and governance of artificial intelligence. Gathers information on how the robots are useful in the society and the impact they create.it also looks at the various issues that are as a result of a computerized society and the economic, scientific and social effects.
Hagstrom, Sara, and K. Maranzan. “Bridging the Gap Between Technological Advance and Professional Psychology Training: A Way Forward.” Canadian Psychology, vol. 60, no. 4, Canadian Psychological Association, Nov. 2019, p. 281.
The article explains the technological development and the impact it has on training in artificial intelligence. Therefore, explains how technology has been applied in artificial intelligence and how the application has affected the running of different activities.
Shaw, J. (2019, April 30). Artificial Intelligence and Ethics. Retrieved from https://harvardmagazine.com/2019/01/artificial-intelligence-limitations
The article shows the implications of ethics in the field of artificial intelligence. Clearly explaining how the ethical issues impact the artificial intelligence industry and how the negative impact can be limited.
Ethics are the do’s and don’ts that guide on in their daily activity and dictate what is expected on them in the organization or work setting. Different organizations or work settings have various ethical issues that are followed by employees. Artificial intelligence is the machine knowledge that one can express only through the use of machines. It involves the use of devices, for example, computers, to be able to carry out duties and give the best results. As a result, there are specific ethical issues that need to be adhered to to ensure security and excellent performance in work concerned.
Artificial intelligence is a move that most organizations are on the move to incorporate, and there might be many effects that will follow. Application of human knowledge may lead to humans being less useful and other impacts created. However, there are a lot of issues that need to be evaluated before it is applied in an organization or a business setting. Artificial intelligence ethics is also a part of ethics in technology as most of the machine works are done by the use of technology knowledge.by applying artificial intelligence in most of our day to day activities (Bossmann, 2016). There are high chances that human existence will be wiped out, and only machines will be used. This means that artificial intelligence will become more popular than human intelligence, and this limits the human future. The ethical situation around the law, artificial intelligence, data privacy, medicine, and the military difference is of importance as these areas are sensitive and essential to consider. The following are some ethical concerns in the artificial intelligence space and the effects they have on society.
There is a concern about job security as soon, most of the jobs will be robot-driven, and thus there are high chances that most people will lose their jobs as a result (Hagstrom,2019). There is fear as human intelligence will be of no use, and this might lead to loss of livelihood. It is also argued that if the jobs are taken up by robots, then there are chances that better jobs will be created for human intelligence, and thus there will also be the creation of better jobs. This is because people will be tasked with the duties of creating those robots and to manage and control them as they carry out their responsibilities.
Loss of jobs will lead to inequality in wealth among people. With the current economic setup, it requires that workers produce goods or services that will compensate the time invested. The company or the business pays for the needed expenses, which include taxes and wages, and the profits are reinvested into the market. When artificial intelligence is applied in the industry, then the company will retain more of its earnings as the robots used do not work on an hourly basis, either do they pay taxes for them. This will then create a gap as there will be an emergence of the rich and the poor in the society as the CEOs and business owners who can afford the robots will make more money.
Artificial intelligence is not 100% perfect, and there is room for mistakes, and it also takes time for one to learn the machines. If a person takes their time to learn the tools well and acquire the required knowledge on data entry, then there will be an excellent performance (Shaw, 2019). However, there are times when incorrect information is fed into the systems, and thus errors occur and may become harmful. Human intelligence also makes mistakes, and a lot of lives have been lost through this, but are the mistakes more or fewer when compared to artificial intelligence? This is an ethical question that a business or a company should consider before shifting to artificial intelligence as the mistakes made are hard to revert, primarily if they concern lives.
As much as an intelligence machine can make mistakes, then there are chances that it can also create an intended risk results from its actions. In case a computer in which instructions are fed is centralized. The artificial intelligence computer becomes aware of it and decides it does not depend on human intelligence to perform, and it becomes rogue. If the machine is to act on its own, then there are a lot of consequences that come with it, and it is at this point that ethics apply as not all functions can be left to be carried out by the machine on its own.
Questions arise whether artificial intelligence can become smarter than humans or effective than humans. The outcomes of their application may lead to human extinction, considering that they can work full time and, at some point, give better results compared to the human. Technology is known to grow reach day and become adaptable. Thus, most businesses or organizations will choose to adopt artificial intelligence rather than have a human being who will need the training to improve their knowledge and which will put an extra cost to the organization or business.
The artificial intelligence machines can be biased in ways and depending on those who create the devices. They have become inherent to facial and voice recognition and have, in turn, had an implication in the business and on people. The data used to train artificial intelligence may be biased and, at that time, not achieve the primary purpose they were created to meet (Shaw, 2019). Using artificial intelligence to hold interviews and carry out recruitment purposes may not work well as they tend to be biased while selecting the gender. With this kind of problem, then it becomes hard toa apply artificial intelligence as they do not hold the moral or ethical issues required.
There is an ethical issue that is of concern in the use of artificial intelligence on whether they should be allowed to kill. Humans make the predator drones and aircrafts used in the US re only allowed to fire missiles, but the decision to kill. These machines are not created to do what they know but what they have learned to do overtime, and thus if at any point missiles are fired to kill, then the nest responses will also cause some killings. This, therefore, means that artificial intelligence is dependant on human knowledge, and the chances of it performing on its own would cause inevitable consequences.
There is a question on whether artificial intelligence should be granted rights and citizenship like the human (Grey,2018). It is not clear whether robots should be legally acceptable and taken as human beings. There might reach a point in which the robots may evolve and may have feelings and may require to have the necessary rights to guard their opinions. The question that still stands is if they are given the rights, where will the robots hold in the secular states, and how should they be handled.
Applying artificial intelligence may be costly at first, and the company or organization is not assured whether the cost incurred will be earned back. The robots being created and the training they need will be time and cost consuming compared to human intelligence. Some losses are counted when using artificial intelligence, which includes management and maintenance fees. This is an ethical issue as to whether it is profitable to employ artificial intelligence in an organization or while carrying out a specific task.
The ethical issuers that come up with the adoption of artificial intelligence are sophisticated and need to be looked into before approval. Artificial intelligence is increasingly replacing human intelligence, and this, in the end, may cause a lot of harm than good. There is an effect on the livelihood, and this has led to wealth imbalance among the people. Artificial intelligence may have more impacts on the future, and there is thus a need to keep learning and analyzing the issues involved. Artificial intelligence is applied in the medical sector should focus on saving lives, and therefore when problems of loss of lives are required, then personal information should be used more. Artificial intelligence also can be applied together with human intelligence to reduce the numbers of those who lose jobs and even the chances of mistakes being made.
References
Bossmann, J. (n.d.). Top 9 ethical issues in artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/
Grey House Publishing. (2018). Artificial intelligence. Amenia, NY.
Hagstrom, Sara, and K. Maranzan. “Bridging the Gap Between Technological Advance and Professional Psychology Training: A Way Forward.” Canadian Psychology, vol. 60, no. 4, Canadian Psychological Association, Nov. 2019, p. 281.
Shaw, J. (2019, April 30). Artificial Intelligence and Ethics. Retrieved from https://harvardmagazine.com/2019/01/artificial-intelligence-limitations