how the handling of the Black Panther Party departs from justice, parity, and right for equal protection

ronin, M. D. (2020). The American Indian movement and the Black Panther party compared: violence, the state and social movements in the USA, 1966 to 1976 (Doctoral dissertation, NUI Galway).

The article by Cronin explores how the handling of the Black Panther Party departs from justice, parity, and right for equal protection. The study acknowledges that black Americans suffer the negative impacts of racial violence. Cronin compared the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement. Martin Luther King Jr advocated for the rights of the black Americans. The Black Panther Party was an organization that had been legally instituted to end racial discrimination in the United States. From the available information, the FBI handled the Black Panther Party and its leaders differently from the other social movements. The FBI was racially biased, and it labelled the Black Panther Party as a criminal organization while allowing the other social movements in the United States. The study suggested that the case between the FBI and the Black Panther Party encouraged acts of racism and injustice.

Dong, C. X. (2020). “Why Don’t You Die For the People?” Memory and Martyrdom in the Black Panther Party.

The Black Panther Party struggled for existence in the 1960s and 1970s. The Panthers were targeted by the FBI because of their excellent works. At the time when the Black Panther Party was formed, the government took advantage of the black communities because of their minimal representation in the federal government. The first section of the work by Dong provides details on the assassination of Fred Hampton. Hampton was a revolutionary who led peaceful and lawful protests in the United States during his time as the Black Panther Party leader. Hampton had become a public figure because of his act of Martyrdom. Black Panther Party and its leaders condemned the government for police brutality and institutional injustices. The FBI was used by the government to silence the Black Party Panther by killing its leaders. Some influential political figures feared that the Black Panther Party would promote equality, which was against their selfish desires. As a result, the political leaders influenced the FBI to cripple the operations of the Black Panther Party by targeting its leaders.

Donovan, M. (2019). FBI Investigations into the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left.

The FBI investigated various civil rights organizations and social movements between 1950 and 1970. However, social and political biasness hindered the FBI from achieving its goals. As early as in 1956, Martin Luther King Jr had already established himself as a civil rights leader. However, Martin Luther King Jr was not scrutinized by the FBI up to until 1961 when he published an article criticizing the FBI for racial discrimination. Since then, the king remained under the scrutiny of the FBI. The FBI focused on neutralizing the king because of his political motives did not provide a room for racial prejudice. The article relied on FBI sources as the important information of the study. Analysis of the data showed that the Federal Bureau of Investigations was influenced by social and political motives when identifying its targets. Martin Luther King Jr and the Black Panther Party were focused on advancing civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr was thus targeted by the FBI because his activism exposed and threatened the status quo.

Garrett, L. (2018). And At Once My Chains Were Loosed: How the Black Panther Party Freed Me from My Colonized Mind.

The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 in California. The main goal of the Black Panther Party was to promote justice in the United States and educate the marginalized groups on their rights and powers. The study aimed to determine the key reasons that led to the formation of the Black Panther Party. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale were the founders of the Black Panther Party. The FBI worked to curtail their efforts on promoting justice and equality because this was against the existing government. Existing literature on the Black Panther Party and party documents were used to collect the data. The information gathered revealed that the Black Panther Party was formed with a sole aim of enlightening the marginalized groups of their rights and potential. The activities of the Black Panther Party were validated and loved by many citizens. Therefore, the FBI aimed at neutralizing the Black Panther Party because of the party’s connection with the local people.

Goforth, R. (2019). ” Something Worth Being Killed Over”: The FBI, Cultural Propaganda, and the Murder of Fred Hampton.

The FBI targeted the Black Panther Party by the execution of the party leaders. The article analyzes the unfair grounds that were used by the Federal Bureau of Investigations to execute Fred Hampton. Fred Hampton was a local Black Panther Party leader who was murdered in 1969. The work by Goforth is divided into two major sections. The first section analyzes the different types of methodologies used by the author. The second section provides a historical background of the FBI and the Black Panther Party. Quantitative data were collected by analyzing FBI documents, memos, and newspapers. The propaganda created by the FBI upon the killing of the party leader through cartoons and comics formed basis for the qualitative data. The data collected showed that the FBI used false allegations to manipulate the public opinion that some leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr and Fred Hampton were a threat to the American society. The study concluded that the FBI used propaganda tactic to target the Black Panther Party and to justify the cold blood killing of Fred Hampton.

Stieva, K. (2018, July). ‘What Colour are You?’: FBI Counter-Intelligence and the Targeting of White Hate and Black Extremist Groups in the 1960s. Arts.

The counter-intelligence program (COINTELPRO) was rolled out by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) to target subversive organizations. The program was carried out between 1954 and 1972. The Black Extremist groups such as the Black Panther Party and other White Hate groups were targeted. The counter-intelligence program targeted subversive organizations to minimize the risk of violence in the United States. However, the Federal Bureau of Investigations handled the Black Extremist groups differently from how the White Hate groups were treated. Stieva analyzes the differential behavior demonstrated by the FBI while controlling the Black Panther Party. The counter-intelligence program documents were reviewed to collect the necessary data. The results indicated that the Federal Bureau of Investigations neutralized the White Hate groups by controlling their activities. On the other hand, the FBI neutralized the Black Extremist groups such as the Black Panther Party by eliminating the group. As a result, more White Hate groups flourished in the United States. The FBI employed ruthless neutralization method as compared to other subversive organizations in the neutralization process.

Strasser, D. H., & Andrews, M. (2019). The Modern Civil Rights Movement in Iowa and Minnesota. Black Americans and the Civil Rights Movement in the West, 16, 181.

The FBI illegally denied the black panthers their rights of expression. The African American communities that lived in Lowa and Minnesota endured challenges such as poor housing and unemployment. The Black Panther Party arose to challenge the racial status quo in these states. White politicians intimidated and despised the Black Panther Party and other civil rights movements that were focused on ending racial injustices. The FBI, together with other government agencies, were out to kill all the black panthers. In 1969, six Black Panther Party leaders were targeted by the FBI and police while discussing the party matters. The house where the six leaders were holding a party meeting was bombed, but the black panthers managed to escape. The FBI worked to disrupt any meeting held by the Black Panther Party members without justification.

References

Cronin, M. D. (2020). The American Indian movement and the Black Panther party compared: violence, the state and social movements in the USA, 1966 to 1976 (Doctoral dissertation, NUI Galway).