Intimate Partners Violence (IPV) and Prevention (16 to 24 years) Women Project Proposal
Research Summary
Intimate partners’ violence is a growing problem globally, given that it is one of the most social issues in America. Creating a program to empower women is an essential step to help them break the cycle of violence by their partners (Ali, Dhingra, & McGarry 2016). This research aims at exploring the impact caused by intimate partner violence on empowering activity American women age 16 to 24 of the reproductive age group. Reviewing the method used in the study in America, it was done demographically according to the finding 2014 to 16. Over 6000 women out of about 8000 were put under study tin their households to review their condition regarding the violence. The study was one in both rural and urban centers in the USA using the extensive area cluster sampling techniques. The respondent were members of the society who are women aged between 16 to 24 years who are vulnerable to the violence (Ali, Dhingra, & McGarry 2016). Those who ever experienced intimate partner violence and were able to make a personal decision on the case were about 11%. Regarding the logistic regression analysis, the study revealed that women with no empowerment program in their reach are more likely to experience the violence compared to those empowered in societies.
Introduction
In the world, this violence against women is the most inexorable human rights violation in the globe. It is a common source of physical, psychological, and emotional problems for women in societies. Primarily, the recent statistics have shown that about 30% of the women aged 15 and above have gone through the violence. It’s one of the rampant human rights violations, and the least punished crime in the world as estimated that women are likely to die or maimed as a result of male violence. Today, it is called by other people as women abuse, wherein this research, intimate partner violence, are interchangeably used.
Research Methods
The research done in a cross-sectional revealed that the study used data from a household representation in the American cities. Following the survey done I the region in 2014-16, it w established that the best criteria to meet the methods s utilizing the sampling and sample size, data analysis and variation, ethical issues, and then results found in the study. Reviewing the first method;
Sampling and Sample Size– the sample frame used in the survey was a complete enumeration of the cities under investigation, which were achievable using selected sample in the neighboring of the some of the team carrying research. The sampling divides into two sections, which were the study in the rural and urban areas. The study narrows down to the size of the societies that can make the results more analytical. A probability of about 6000 members of the household in the age limit analyzed in the topic was used.
Participants– A reasonable estimate of the target group found at their home during that survey. Which made it successful in coming up with the result useful for the study. An in-depth interview carried by the selected team who were suitable for the investigation. Interviews are done among the young people
Data Collection– the information gathered was from April to August 2014 and the same time, 2015. The actors involved were left to analyze the data after carrying the last study in May 2016.
Data Analysis and Variables– There was a statistical analysis of data performed by the SPSS version 24. Which gave different types of inferential statistical tests regression analysis was use to arrive this results. This analysis was done objectively by comparing the dependent and independent variables. Which is this case, the dependent variable used was for the intimate partner’s violence (IPV) with a Yes or No standard scale. Where ‘No’ is for those who did not experience the IPV and ‘Yes’ are for those who went through the experience. The IPV variables was constructed by putting together the physical, sexual, emotional violence, and the empowered women. The variables was also focusing on the causes of violence and if it was instigated by the drinking partners, education level of the partners, and their age.
Ethical Issues– as such, the study focused on the public survey through interviews. There was need for observation of people behaviors and the conduct of the team under study. This also went in hand with the researcher presentation during the study to achieve the most accurate result.
Findings– in the results, it was revealed that a big number of those going through the violence came from urban areas estimated at 58%, and rural areas rate of 44%. The study also tried to offer interpersonal help through the community to reconcile couples.
Research Analysis
Table showing the persons physical assault by an intimate partner
While analyzing the data, it is coming out clear that intimate partner violence encompass the physical, psychological, and emotional (Iverson et al. 2015). It is also true that this violence have negative impact on the women’s self-esteem and image in the society. Some are shouted at b their partners, other are beaten up, some are send immoral pictures in their phone unwilling by their partners. This is why it found that the most occurring form of violence is instigated by the well-known partners. There are cases with sexual violence which comprises of the continuum activities such as touching, unwanted kissing, sexual coercion, and rape as shown in the table above (Iverson et al. 2015).
Table showing an estimated number various violence cases against Women (NVAW) (Iverson et al. 2015).
This violence cases have complex repercussion as they exposes women to danger of sexual disease or unwanted pregnancies (Chisholm, Bullock, & Ferguson 2017). The vulnerable group are the teenager who are in between the age of 16 to 24 years.
Reviewing of Adolescents IPV
Based on the stud done, an estimate of one adolescent girls out of ten in high school have reported the experience of violence (Johnson et al. 2015). Of those reporting to be in an intimate relationship. 1 out of 5 accepted that they had experienced the force in one or the other (Karakurt, G., Smith, & Whiting 2014). Majority of them have never taken any action to report the issue. It is also analyzed that these problems have been contributed by the alcoholism of their partners, tobacco user, and also mental health problems (De Koker et al. 2014). Johnson et al. (2015) provided in a statistical data that 1.5 million students in American have experienced abuse based on the reports made by the National Violence against Women (NVAW).
The National survey statistics say that, 94% of them are the age of 16 to 19, and 70% are aged 20 to 24 years. However, the study also finding also projected that the victimization typically begun between the age of 12 to 18 (Johnson et al. 2015). Nearly half or 43% of dating college women reported experiencing violence. Some behaviors that should be monitored by use their cell phones, abuses in digitized ways such as sending a nude picture to girlfriend against their will and also stalking them through social platforms (De Toledo Blake et al. 2014).
Fig. 1.0 showing a chart with the national women survey NVAW (Modi, Palmer, & Armstrong 2014).
- 9% had been assaulted before age 11.
- 3% between the ages of 11 and 12.
- 8% between the ages of 13 and 14.
- 8% between the ages of 15 and 16.
- 7% at age 17.
- 6% of first or only rape cases experienced by women happened before age 12.
- 4% of such cases happened between the ages of 12 and 17.
- 4% happened between the ages of 18 and 24.
- 6% happened at age 25 or greater.
Preventive Measures
Women empowerment strategies- Women need an empowering programs started to allow them get informed about the risk of early signs of valence and prevention. Their ability is expanded to make strategic life choices in the context of saving the young generation from violence. The best approach is to let them understand how to take in their household critical decision-making processes. Women need to take control of their reproductive function to decide on the family size and when have it. Most importantly, they need to have self-esteem and confidence to prevent violence. This is the beginning of making women feel their pivotal role in the global economic growth as projected in gender equally communities.
Using School-Based Programs- it is a primarily approach used to mitigate the violence in early stages. It compromises the challenges such as dating violence among the adolescent, sexual abuse, and spouse abuse through teaching (De Koker et al. 2014). The institutions offer sexual assault education and rape programs. Secondary schools and campuses have enrolled the programs of educating the teenager about the IPV as part of their curriculum programs. It helps by testing a student’s attitude on dating issues (Oehme et al. 2016). Additionally, they check their personal experience with dating (Antunes-Alves & Stefano 2014). States like Minnesota have developed secondary school programs accommodating those vulnerable to the problem of battery violence (Edwards, Sylaska, & Neal 2015).
Government Interventions– The sociocultural model is needed to redefine and reevaluate the legal systems that are more reliable to help protect women from getting abused in their different homes. The government can intervene and establish help centers for victims help against violence at the local levels and also providing free legal support for the victims.
Media Responsibilities– Medias have significant roles to play in control of the vice. They are at the center stage to create awareness to masses. They can use Billboards such as those used against smoking and drink driving. It is the same way they can use their press rights to publicize the dangers of IPV and control measures. They can use TVs, radios, and other print media to create awareness to the general public as analyzed below.
Fig. 1.1 showing the approach to use while planning for a social media campaign to creating awareness
Deterrence theory– is a program controlled by the government in criminal Justice (Gracia et al. 2014). While analyzing it performance level, it recorded a great number of varying forms of prosecuted violence such as rape cases with intimate partners (De Koker et al. 2014). From surveys, many had waited for a long time before seeking assistance. However, they got the diagnostic approach for their problems. Where many young people ask for help in this current array of crisis intervention. The deterrence is a national policy imposing organs that acts as a way to let most people refrain from committing intimate violence. Individuals are threatened by the act of incarceration making them avoid engaging into such criminal offences.
Limitation of the proposal
- In this study, there is no epidemiological surveillance systems that employ homogeneous criteria in order to measure this problem, thus permitting reliable data to be obtained on its prevalence and incidence.
- Primarily, obtaining reliable data on this type of violence is a complex task, not just because of the problems of defining the term as described above, but also because of the methodological issues derived from the very nature of the phenomenon.
- Also, in the private, intimate context in which this violence takes place, which means the problem cannot be directly observed.
- The presence of female foreign researchers during the focus groups and interviews may also have influenced the types of responses that were given about the effectiveness and importance of study.
Recommendation
The big focus to the pushing this group of people to the strongest of their side is to allow the get empowered. It is one of the greatest agendas that is in discussion in all platforms. It means that there is no enough literature of women violence in the USA and their empowerment status. Hence, this research is serving as a vital source of information for future scholars and policy-makers to review from. Policies can be increased to limit the gender discrimination and women allowed equal opportunities to make equal contribution to society’s development. The programs intensified by public through campaigns to increase awareness about the social problem in communities. As analyzed in the study, education has a key role to transform the problem to benefit women in USA.
Conclusion
In the study, women violence I first tracked in their minds as weak people who cannot fight for themselves. This is the base for where the violence lies and it should be triggered to realization of the social approach. The kind of cultural mindset must be stopped for the beginning pf change. Moving forward, the best measure that ca n work is by changing the sociocultural structures of the state which is only achievable by creating awareness among the masses. Which should include the empowerment of women to create the gender balance in the societies. It means the program should be taken to the marginalized groups in support from the government and the non-governmental organizations. Primarily, the study has provided a clear view of the rising challenges in American young people in communities. The long-term approaches of prevention can enhance a definite shift of behaviors to many adolescent in the current and coming generations.
References
Ali, P. A., Dhingra, K., & McGarry, J. (2016). A literature review of intimate partner violence and its classifications. Aggression and violent behavior, 31, 16-25.
Antunes-Alves, S., & Stefano, J. D. (2014). Intimate partner violence: Making a case for joint couple treatment. The Family Journal, 22(1), 62-68.
Chisholm, C. A., Bullock, L., & Ferguson II, J. E. J. (2017). Intimate partner violence and pregnancy: epidemiology and impact. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 217(2), 141-144.
De Koker, P., Mathews, C., Zuch, M., Bastien, S., & Mason-Jones, A. J. (2014). A systematic review of interventions for preventing adolescent intimate partner violence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(1), 3-13.
De Toledo Blake, M., Brett, J., Vertamatti, M. A., Adami, F., Valenti, V. E., Paiva, A. C., & de Abreu, L. C. (2014). Characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. BMC women’s health, 14(1), 15.
Edwards, K. M., Sylaska, K. M., & Neal, A. M. (2015). Intimate partner violence among sexual minority populations: A critical review of the literature and plan for future research. Psychology of Violence, 5(2), 112.
Gracia, E., López-Quílez, A., Marco, M., Lladosa, S., & Lila, M. (2014). Exploring neighborhood influences on small-area variations in intimate partner violence risk: A bayesian random-effects modeling approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(1), 866-882.