Medications
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Acetaminophen
CATEGORY: Analgesics
SOURCE: Jain, R. I., Best, A. E., Lockhart, E., Marx, S. E., Thomas, J. W., & Vo, P. G. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,226,907. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.\
Pharmacological action
Higher doses above 200m, acetaminophen exhibits gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore it is likely that maximal COX inhibition is attained at higher doses.
Therapeutic use
It is used in treating moderate to mild pain, treating moderate to severe pain in conjunction with opiates, or reducing fever. Significant conditions that are treated by acetaminophen include toothache, backache, Arthritis, muscle aches, headache, fevers, and colds.
Medical Administration
Oral acetaminophen is available as a capsule, tablet, oral suspension, or solution. Rectal acetaminophen is available as a rectal suppository for both pediatric and adult patient populations. Intravenous acetaminophen comes as an IV for administration.
Complications
Liver failure, Arthritis, hepatitis death.
Contraindications
Patients who take antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications, aspirin, antihypertensive, or corticosteroids might face increased risks when also taking particular OTC pain relievers. Risks also increase when concomitant medications contain the same kind of analgesic ingredient.
Interactions
Carbamazepine, phenytoin, Phenobarbital
Nursing Interventions
- Do not exceed the recommended dose
- Consult a physician if need be for children less than three years; if required longer than ten days if fever is continuous; recurrent or severe pains
- Avoid usage of multiple preparations containing acetaminophen. Check all OTC carefully
- Give drug with food if GI upset occurs
- Discontinue drug if a hypersensitivity reaction occurs
- Treatment of overdose: monitor serum levels regularly, N-acetylcysteine must be available as a specific antidote; basic life support measures might be necessary.
Client education
Clients must be provided with clear formulation and dose based on weight and age. Clients must be educated to examine carefully the labels of OTC medications, which might contain acetaminophen in mixed formulations. They should be educated about the increased risk for renal toxicity related to concurrent acetaminophen and no steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use of analgesic or with chronic use of ethanol.
OXYCODONE
Other names: Oxaydo, oxyContin
Category; It belongs to opioid agonists.
Source: hottathil, J. K. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 10,017,519. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Expected pharmacological action
Binding to a receptor, adenylyl-cynase inhibition, neurons hyperpolarisation, and decreased excitability.
Therapeutic use
The drug is used in relieving moderate to severe pain.
Medical administration
Oral administration; tablets
IV administration
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to oxycodone. Oxycodone should never be used in any circumstance where opioids are contraindicated: severe bronchial asthma, chronic constipation, moderate to severe hepatic impairment, elevated co2 levels in the blood, cor pulmonale, severe chronic obstructive lung disease, delayed emptying of the gastric, acute abdomen, paralytic ileus, severe depression with hypoxia, etc. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or malabsorption of glucose-galactose should never take the medicine
Complications
Heart failure
Insomnia
Depression
The increased pressure of the spinal fluid
Comma
Limbs swells
Interactions
Oxycodone can interact with the following medications
Antifungal drugs including itraconazole, and voriconazole
Antidepressants
Antibiotics such as clarithromycin and erythromycin\
They increase the risk of urinary retention and constipation
Nursing interventions
- Do not exceed the recommended dose
- Consult a physician if need be for children less than three years; if required longer than ten days if fever is continuous recurrent or severe pains
- Avoid usage of multiple preparations containing oxycodone. Check all OTC carefully
- Give drug with food if GI upset occurs
- Discontinue drug if a hypersensitivity reaction occurs
Client education
Diet management
Evaluation of medication effectiveness
Once a day, CR tablets that contain oxycodone can be designed as per simulated profiles.
References
Jain, R. I., Best, A. E., Lockhart, E., Marx, S. E., Thomas, J. W., & Vo, P. G. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,226,907. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.\
Thottathil, J. K. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 10,017,519. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.