Glycemic Control and Periodontal Treatment
Introduction
Periodontitis refers to a chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the mouth. Clinically the disease is a condition in which an individual loses connective tissue that attaches the teeth, as well as loss of alveolar bone. Under uncontrolled conditions, the infection may lead to the shedding of the teeth. Among the typical type of symptoms and signs of the disease is gingivitis, which leads to gum swelling and redness during the initial stages. In addition, periodontal disease has promoted to teeth removal, especially on individuals above fifty years. However, the condition is also standard on persons between the age of 20 to 40 years, though with lower impacts. Glycemic control, on the other hand, refers to the regulation of blood sugar levels in the human body. The control carried on diabetic individuals is crucial, as it determines the effectiveness of diabetes care. Diabetes mellitus is a condition that results when the body is unable to control the level of blood sugar. Typically, the blood sugar is controlled by insulin in the body. For diabetic patients, glycemic control regulates the blood glucose, as it provides injection with insulin that helps regulate, he bloods glucose.
Different studies indicate that individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes develop Periodontitis quickly. Such individuals with low glycemic control typically report cases of severe gum tissue inflammation, which leads to diastemas. Research indicates that periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus have a close relationship. On the other hand, studies show Periodontitis treatment has tremendous effects on glycemic control, while also glycemic control tends to impact periodontal therapies. To establish how the two affect each other, the essay will analyze different research on the impacts of glycemic control on the treatment of periodontal diseases, as well as examine periodontal treatment effects on glycemic control.
Influence of Glycemic Control to Periodontal Treatment
Glycemic control is the control of blood glucose in the body, which is a function of insulin (Luippold et al., 2016). When the level of glucose is low in the body, one develops a systemic condition known as Diabetes mellitus. The situation occurs when the pancreas is damaged, thus inhibiting the production of insulin by the beta cells. This leads to the overproduction of insulin in type two diabetes or lowered levels of output in type one diabetes. However, the standard form of diabetes mellitus is low production insulin. On such individuals with low levels of insulin, glycemic control is approved for treatment, where insulin gets injected in the body. In addition, glycemic control on those with resistance to insulin occurs through diet and exercises. The control helps check that blood sugar remain in the recommended levels of 70–130 mg/dl (Xiao et al., 2019).
However, different studies have suggested that glycemic control is not fully effective, as it leaves blood glucose way higher than that observed in people without diabetes. Consequently, some researchers perceive that glycemic control leads to the development of diabetes-related complications (Shao et al., 2017). Several campaigns such as that carried by the American Diabetes Association in 1990 called for improvements the glycemic control, as a way to further reduce the blood glucose levels to normal. Among many perceived complications associated with glycemic control, is the effects on periodontal treatment. Studies suggest that increased glycemic control impacts periodontal therapy on diabetic individuals (Jain et al., 2019). However, research continues to rise as researchers try to seek evidence on the claim.
In research carried by Oyapero et al. (2019) to examine the effects of glycemic control on periodontal diseases among the diabetic people in Lagos, found out that among those individuals with reasonable glycemic control had fair gingival inflammation. The study indicated that increased glycemic control leads to lowered gingivitis inflammatory effects due to reduced levels of gingival crevicular fluid. However, periodontal conditions were way higher in the individuals, especially among the elderly and uneducated. The study identified that the prevalence of periodontal diseases was as a result of other factors seen in diabetic individuals. For instance, reduced neutrophil function, aging that leads to intensified oxidative stress in many tissues, as well as higher levels of secreted inflammatory cytokines that reduces healing rate. Else, the study indicated that hygiene is crucial to the success of the periodontal treatment. The study concluded the observed increased prevalence among the people above the age of 65 years. Among those with increased and reasonable glycemic control, they had improved periodontal effects. Therefore, increased and reasonable glycemic control improves periodontal treatment.
Also, similar research by Miranda et al. (2017) aiming to assess the impact of glycemic control in the determination of the frequency and the levels of subgingival periodontal pathogens among individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study found that a reduced level of glycemic control leads to increased occurrence of these subgingival pathogens. Notably, it is essential for practitioners to improve the level and quality of glycemic control, as it will lead to an increased limit of these bacteria’s, thus regulating the effects of periodontal. The research concluded that an increased level of glycemic control plays a significant role in the success of periodontal treatment.
Therefore, it is notable from the two studies, that diabetic individuals are at a higher risk of developing periodontal diseases as compared to those without diabetes mellitus. Also, periodontal treatment is more useful to persons receiving good and increased glycemic control. Thus, practitioners carrying periodontal therapies should always recommend improved and increased glycemic control. Glycemic control helps achieve the goals of periodontal treatment (Gurav, 2012).
Impacts of Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control
Periodontal, as indicated in the previous topic, is a chronic disease affecting tissues to the teeth attachment. Studies have suggested that about 30% of individuals between 20 to 50 years develop the condition (Nazir, 2017). However, the situation is more severe on older individuals above the age of fifty years, compared to those below that age. Also, the disease is more prevalent in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Researchers indicate that there exists a close link between the two conditions (Taylor et al., 2013). Studies suggest that some effects of diabetes accelerate the occurrence and the impact of periodontal disease. As a result, health practitioners use several techniques to treat periodontal disease among individuals with diabetes mellitus. For instance, the use of ultrasonic devices, scalers as well as curettes to remove subgingival bacterial plaque (Renvert and Persson, 20160. In addition, oral hygiene is also a treatment method for periodontal disease. The techniques are active at different rates on varying individuals. However, researchers have indicated that the periodontal treatment technique influences glycemic control among persons with diabetes mellitus (Bharti et al., 2013). To assess the evidence based on the claim, researchers have carried several kinds of research.
In research carried by Stewart et al. (2001) to examine the impacts, the periodontal therapies have on glycemic control among people with type two diabetes mellitus, and it showed that there exists a close correlation between the two. The study used a sample of thirty-six individuals who had received periodontal treatment and had type two diabetes mellitus. Also, 36 randomly selected individuals from the population were used as control. In the nine months of assessment, it identified that a 17.1% increase in the treatment group, with a 6.7% improvement in glycemic control. Therefore, the study found out that increased periodontal treatment typically leads to improved glycemic control on individuals with type two diabetes mellitus.
Also, similar research was carried out by Teeuw et al. (2010). The study aimed at investigating and establishing facts on claims by other studies, which had earlier indicated that periodontal therapies promote glycemic control in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The study used two databases searched until 2009 and restricted to English. The study lasted for three months, as it aimed at assessing impacts on a more extended period. The investigation identified that among individuals with diabetes mellitus, there was improved glycemic control after the treatment of periodontal diseases. The study concluded that increased periodontal therapies led to improved glycemic control among individuals with type two diabetes mellitus for at least three months.
As noted from the two investigations, one can identify that periodontal therapies tend to improve glycemic control. Notably, the use of non-surgical methods in the treatment of periodontal disease showed to have more improvement in glycemic control, as indicated by Botero et al. (2013). However, one should keep in mind that the glycemic increases occur on individuals treated from mild periodontal disease. Otherwise, practitioners suggest that for individuals with severe effects, surgical therapies are more effective. However, the investigations call for more research on other facts that the periodontal therapies might have on glycemic control. Nevertheless, according to the existing surveys, people with mild periodontal effects should seek to enroll for non-surgical treatment, especially using antibiotics, as it will dramatically improve their glycemic control. Thus, people should adopt periodontal therapies to ensure improved success n glycemic control.
Conclusion
Individuals with damaged pancreases, as well as those who produce high or lower levels of insulin, suffer from a disease called diabetes. Among these individuals, there is an increasing need for healthcare, as well as promoted patients’ advice. The condition has many impacts on the body, such as weak tissues as well as a lowered rate of wounds healing. As a result, it promotes the development of many complications. For instance, periodontal disease is common among these types of individuals. To control the effects of the disease on an individual, practitioners use glycemic control method, which usually involves injection with insulin. The glycemic control brings along many impacts on the treatment of conditions such a periodontal, as it accelerates the success of periodontal therapies. Also, some therapies used in the treatment of diabetic-related diseases, particularly periodontal treatment, tends to improve glycemic control. Therefore, the two have impacts on each other, as research indicated.